{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:55:13Z","timestamp":1788184513945,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to discuss and summarize the diagnosis and treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective medical records review of all patients diagnosed with EPN from January 2017 to June 2023 in our hospital were analyzed. A total of eight patients (three males and five females) were enrolled. The mean age was 49.38 \u00b1 3.48 years. Among them, one case was complicated by sepsis, two by emphysematous cystitis, two by chronic renal failure, four by diabetes, and five by urolithiasis. Upon admission, all patients received aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Surgical interventions consisted of drainage procedures tailored to each patient's specific condition along with management for upper urinary tract calculi present. Clinical data were analyzed in depth and compared with the previously published studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients complied with the protocol of catheter removal as scheduled and were discharged after complete recovery. No recurrence of infection was recorded during the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most EPN patients suffer from severe and complex medical conditions. Selecting an appropriate surgical drainage strategy can significantly reduce the rates of infection recurrence, nephrectomy and mortality, thereby improving the patient's prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1570638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T05:37:10Z","timestamp":1756877830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emphysematous pyelonephritis: eight case reports and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Du","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Taoyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xianyue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gou","family":"Chenren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Guobiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Emphysematous Pyelonephritis","author":"Sherchan","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.183475","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 10-year experience with 26 cases","volume":"20","author":"Misgar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.797","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinicoradiological classification, management, prognosis, and pathogenesis","volume":"160","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(03)00295-2","article-title":"Imaging features and guided drainage in emphysematous pyelonephritis: a study of 11 cases","volume":"59","author":"Narlawar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Pc09","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/16763.6795","article-title":"Role of conservative management in emphysematous pyelonephritis - a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Kangjam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2016.14227","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis: changing trend of clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, management and outcome","volume":"43","author":"Sokhal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Urol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1177\/2051415817752854","article-title":"A prospective analysis of emphysematous pyelonephritis at a tertiary care centre","volume":"11","author":"Puvvada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Urol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.25259\/JCIS_103_2022","article-title":"Percutaneous drainage for non-operative management of emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinical characteristics and predictors of success","volume":"15","author":"Newcomer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.4.2021.058","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis disparities observed in the use of percutaneous drainage techniques","volume":"22","author":"Al-Saraf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596845","article-title":"Acute gas-producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinical outcome","volume":"198","author":"Wan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2019.100860","article-title":"A case of emphysematous cystitis and bladder rupture","volume":"24","author":"Hudnall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00002","article-title":"Emphysematous pyelonephritis following ureterovesical reimplantation for congenital obstructive megaureter. 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