{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:24:27Z","timestamp":1784903067403,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pancreatitis represents a significant global public health challenge, yet there is a lack of comprehensive analyses focusing on the burden of pancreatitis and its long-term trends among young individuals aged 15\u201339\u202fyears.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) database to analyze the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with pancreatitis in the 15\u201339 age group from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends in disease burden were assessed by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), with point estimates and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1990 and 2021, the global number of cases related to pancreatitis\u2014including prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and deaths\u2014substantially increased in the 15\u201339 age group. However, age-standardized rates for prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and mortality showed a declining trend. Gender-specific analysis revealed that females had lower prevalence and incidence rates compared to males. Socio-demographic Index (SDI)-based subgroup analysis indicated that low-SDI regions experienced the largest increases in DALYs and deaths, while high-SDI regions showed the most significant declines in age-standardized DALYs and mortality rates. Geographically, East Asia demonstrated the largest decrease in the burden of pancreatitis, whereas Western Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest increases in case numbers and deaths. Age-stratified analysis showed that individuals aged 35\u201339\u202fyears had the greatest increases in case numbers and disease burden, despite experiencing the most notable decline in incidence rates. Conversely, the 15\u201319 age group exhibited reductions in disease burden and mortality rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights that, while the global number of pancreatitis cases among young individuals aged 15\u201339 has risen from 1990 to 2021, the overall disease burden has declined, particularly in high-income regions. In contrast, the disease burden in low-income regions continues to rise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:13:34Z","timestamp":1748351614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Global burden of pancreatitis among individuals aged 15\u201339\u202fyears: a systematic analysis from the 2021 GBD study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Biwu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.081","article-title":"Genetics, cell biology, and pathophysiology of pancreatitis","volume":"156","author":"Mayerle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001993","article-title":"Comparative analysis of epidemiology, etiology, and outcomes between elderly and young and middle-aged acute pancreatitis patients: a retrospective, single-center study","volume":"33","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002645","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology guidelines: management of acute pancreatitis","volume":"119","author":"Tenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.01.068","article-title":"The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"144","author":"Yadav","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.01.070","article-title":"Relevance of animal models of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis to human disease","volume":"144","author":"Saluja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.386","article-title":"Jama patient page. Pancreatitis","volume":"307","author":"Torpy","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12672","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of pancreatitis in children and adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Unit Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2013.06.005","article-title":"Contrasts and comparisons between childhood and adult onset acute pancreatitis","volume":"13","author":"Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"393","author":"Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01990-1","article-title":"The global burden of disease study at 30 years","volume":"28","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","article-title":"Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (Ylds), disability-adjusted life-years (Dalys), and healthy life expectancy (Hale) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Diseases","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112023","article-title":"Global burden of lung cancer attributable to ambient fine particulate matter pollution in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019","volume":"204","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01798-z","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"25","author":"Cen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19614","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203374","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss due to common eye diseases along with its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.04.060","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trends in global burden of rheumatic heart disease and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019","volume":"384","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2020.100839","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis in children: updates in epidemiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"50","author":"Saeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12571","article-title":"Nutrition status of children in Latin America","volume":"18","author":"Corvalan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12216-4","article-title":"Risk and sex-specific trends of dementia and stroke in Italy compared to European and high-income countries and the world: global implications","volume":"271","author":"Avan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15011.1","article-title":"Metric partnerships: global burden of disease estimates within the World Bank, the World Health Organisation and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Tichenor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1267","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.1267","article-title":"Analysis of factors influencing onset and survival of patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a clinical study","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rgmx.2023.04.002","article-title":"The Asociacion Mexicana de Gastroenterologia consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents","volume":"88","author":"Vazquez-Frias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572346\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:13:36Z","timestamp":1748351616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572346\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1572346","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"article-number":"1572346"}}