{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1774951223499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) as adjuncts to intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two researchers independently searched PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library databases, and CBM for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of NMBAs as adjuvants in IVRA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta-analysis included 420 patients from 7 randomized controlled trials. Compared to IVRA using local anesthetics alone, the adjunctive use of NMBAs significantly shortened the onset time of sensory block [mean difference (MD) = \u22121.38 min, 95% CI: \u22122.02 to \u22120.75; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01] and motor block (MD = \u22122.39 min, 95% CI: \u22124.67 to \u22120.12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Moreover, NMBAs prolonged the duration of motor block (MD = 6.97 min, 95% CI: 0.06 to 13.88; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). However, no significant improvement was observed in the duration of pain relief (MD = 4.24 min, 95% CI: \u22121.43 to 9.91; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.14).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As adjuncts to IVRA, NMBAs significantly reduce the onset time of sensory and motor blocks compared to local anesthetics alone. Additionally, NMBAs prolong the duration of motor block. These agents enhance the efficacy of IVRA by optimizing neuromuscular blockade while maintaining anesthetic quality comparable to standard IVRA techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1574711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T05:24:28Z","timestamp":1752211468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy evaluation of neuromuscular blocking agents as adjuncts to intravenous regional anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guobin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-019-00627-w","article-title":"Intraven\u00f6se regionalan\u00e4sthesie (Intravenous regional anesthesia).","volume":"32","author":"Tezval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03948.x","article-title":"Addition of atracurium to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia.","volume":"38","author":"Elhakim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.5.2.79","article-title":"The use of muscle relaxant to supplement local anaesthetics for Bier\u2019s blocks.","volume":"5","author":"McGlone","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Emerg Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2005.08.003","article-title":"Addition of cisatracurium to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia.","volume":"18","author":"Esmaoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"301","article-title":"Plain lignocaine versus mixture of lignocaine, fentanyl and pancuronium for intravenous regional anaesthesia.","volume":"25","author":"Aujla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S146092","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as local anesthetic adjuvants in spinal anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000065","article-title":"Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? 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