{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:19:24Z","timestamp":1784704764970,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in patients of bronchial anthracosis (BAC)\/bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 5,589 bronchoscopies performed between January and December 2023. Among them, 62 patients were diagnosed with BAC, including 30 cases of BAF. Patients were categorized into BAF and non-BAF groups. Clinical data, laboratory findings, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) results, bronchoscopic features, and EBUS-TBNA outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall incidence rates of BAC and BAF were 1.11 and 0.54%, respectively, with BAF accounting for 48.4% of all BAC cases. Compared to the non-BAF group, the BAF group exhibited higher frequencies of bronchial stenosis, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and lymph node calcifications on HRCT. EBUS-TBNA cytology predominantly revealed lymphocytic infiltration and pigment-laden macrophages, with some findings of granulomatous inflammation and malignant cells. There was no significant difference in the overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>EBUS-TBNA is a highly valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating BAC\/BAF with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. It provides crucial pathological insights, especially in cases potentially involving malignancy or granulomatous disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1603922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T06:16:01Z","timestamp":1754288161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for bronchial anthracosis\/anthracofibrosis with mediastinal enlarged lymph node"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guannan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.2.344","article-title":"Bronchial stenosis due to Anthracofibrosis","volume":"113","author":"Chung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-012-0611-6","article-title":"Bronchial anthracofibrosis: a potential false-positive finding on F-18 FDG PET","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.995","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration","volume":"120","author":"Medford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.3.383","article-title":"Bronchial anthracofibrosis and macroscopic tissue pigmentation on EBUS-TBNA predict a low probability of metastatic lymphadenopathy in Korean lung cancer patients","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.09.009","article-title":"The IASLC lung Cancer staging project: proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Goldstraw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"175","article-title":"What do we know about anthracofibrosis?","volume":"16","author":"Jamaati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Literature Review Tanaffos"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Anthracosis and anthracofibrosis","volume":"30","author":"Sigari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Mirsadraee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_403_16","article-title":"Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: a series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy","volume":"27","author":"Dhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.7507\/1671-6205.201903081","article-title":"Clinical features of anthracosis and bronchial anthracofibrosis","volume":"18","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese J Respiratory Critical Care Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.11768\/nkjwzzzz20170308","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of bronchial anthracofibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Internal Intensive Med"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"395","article-title":"What causes anthracofibrosis? Either tuberculosis or smoke","volume":"24","author":"Hemmati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.11.011","article-title":"Biomass smoke induced bronchial anthracofibrosis: presenting features and clinical course","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.5.644","article-title":"Endobronchial tuberculosis. Serial fiberoptic bronchoscopy and natural history","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2002.53.5.510","article-title":"Clinical features of simple bronchial anthracofibrosis which is not associated with tuberculosis","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"665","article-title":"The clinical investigation for determining the etiology of bronchial anthracofibrosis","volume":"65","author":"No","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2013.28.3.330","article-title":"Relationship between bronchial anthracofibrosis and endobronchial tuberculosis","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2007.63.2.139","article-title":"Clinical and radiological characteristics of non-tuberculous bronchial anthracofibrosis","volume":"63","author":"Jang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5005\/ijcdas-57-3-151","article-title":"Bronchial anthracofibrosis: a perilous consequence of exposure to biomass fuel smoke","volume":"57","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12641","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with combined fibrosing mediastinitis and bronchial anthracofibrosis: a retrospective analysis in a single Chinese hospital","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1603922\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T06:16:06Z","timestamp":1754288166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1603922\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1603922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1603922","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"article-number":"1603922"}}