{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:27:51Z","timestamp":1791660471535,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (MP) is a common pathogen responsible for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. MP infection can also induce extrapulmonary manifestations, including mucocutaneous eruptions. <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a relatively newly described entity distinct from erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). However, MIRM remains underrecognized, with limited cases reported in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient concerns<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previously healthy 10-year-old boy presented with fever, cough, severe mucositis (oral and ocular involvement), and disseminated rash for 5\u202fdays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Diagnoses<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient was diagnosed with <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM), confirmed by clinical presentation and laboratory detection of MP nucleic acid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment regimen for the patient included intravenous azithromycin, methylprednisolone at a dosage of 1\u202fmg\/kg\/day, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), vitamin C, oral antihistamines, topical treatments for mucosal care, ophthalmic ointment, and calamine lotion. After 1\u202fweek, due to a persistent cough and a positive <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (MP) nucleic acid test, the patient\u2019s treatment was transitioned to oral doxycycline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient experienced significant clinical improvement after 14\u202fdays, with resolution of rash, mucosal lesions, and cough. Follow-up tests confirmed clearance of MP nucleic acid and normalization of inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lessons<\/jats:title><jats:p>MIRM is a distinct mucocutaneous entity associated with MP infection. Pediatricians should recognize its clinical presentation early to provide prompt targeted therapy and supportive care, thus preventing complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1607970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T05:23:04Z","timestamp":1753075384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Case Report: Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis in a 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