{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T19:39:33Z","timestamp":1788896373303,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe pain in elderly hip fracture patients exacerbates perioperative risks. This meta-analysis compares ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (UG-FICB) with intravenous analgesia for pain management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through February 2025 was conducted across major databases, including English-language databases and Chinese databases. Outcomes analyzed via RevMan 5.3 using random\/fixed-effect models. Primary outcomes encompassed Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, analgesic consumption, patient satisfaction, main adverse reactions, and gastrointestinal adverse events. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative blood loss, operative time, length of stay, and respiratory adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total 26 RCTs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f2,347), UG-FICB significantly not only reduced Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at all timepoints: 0.5\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.02), 2\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.001), 4\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.002), 6\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001), 12\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.0002), 24\u202fh (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001), and 48\u202fh postoperatively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.003), but also reduced postoperative analgesic consumption (OR\u202f=\u202f5.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001). Patients receiving UG-FICB exhibited fewer drug-related adverse events, including dizziness (OR\u202f=\u202f2.34), hypersomnia (OR\u202f=\u202f3.58), and gastrointestinal complications (nausea OR\u202f=\u202f2.57; constipation OR\u202f=\u202f4.82; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). UG-FICB also shortened length of stay (MD\u202f=\u202f1.88\u202fdays, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.00001) and enhanced satisfaction (OR\u202f=\u202f0.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.0002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to intravenous analgesia, UG-FICB provides superior, sustained pain relief with fewer opioid-related complications and higher patient satisfaction. UG-FICB\u2019s safety and efficacy advantages strongly support its adoption as first-line therapy in geriatric hip fractures protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1611618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:26:17Z","timestamp":1760419577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block versus intravenous analgesia in geriatric hip fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials demonstrating superior pain control"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengchang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy057","article-title":"Prognostic factors of functional outcome after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Sheehan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.08.027","article-title":"Prognosis of nonoperative treatment in elderly patients with a hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Loggers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003180","article-title":"Incidence of and trends in hip fracture among adults in urban China: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1462","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States","volume":"302","author":"Brauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700019835160","article-title":"Causes of in-hospital mortality after hip fractures in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Groff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22779","article-title":"Hip fractures in the elderly-: a clinical anatomy review","volume":"30","author":"Collin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S101078","article-title":"Validation of three tools for identifying painful new osteoporotic vertebral fractures in older Chinese men: bone mineral density, osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians, and fracture risk assessment tool","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2418-2","article-title":"Reference values of bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese adults","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10010022","article-title":"Clinical update on patient-controlled analgesia for acute postoperative pain","volume":"10","author":"Motamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacy (Basel)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70350-X","article-title":"Intravenous morphine for management of cancer pain","volume":"11","author":"Mercadante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12464","article-title":"Alternative routes to oral opioid administration in palliative care: a review and clinical summary","volume":"15","author":"Kestenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/11101849.2024.2333708","article-title":"Comparison between peri-capsular nerve group and supra inguinal fascia iliaca block for analgesia and ease of positioning during neuraxial anesthesia in hip fracture patients: a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"40","author":"Bauiomy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39313","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039313","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different puncture routes for ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block for early analgesia after hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70266","DOI":"10.2196\/70266","article-title":"Using virtual reality to enhance surgical skills and engagement in orthopedic education: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952361","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.952361","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2024.138554","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block to position the patient for neuraxial anaesthesia in acetabular surgery - a randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"56","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5018","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005018","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block after hip hemiarthroplasty: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"95","author":"Bang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1009-5551.2023.06.015","article-title":"Effeet of iliofascial block combined with lateral approach sciatie nerve blockand intravenous controlled analgesia on postoperative analgesiaafter lower limb fracture surgery","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Xingjiang Med Univ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671-8348.2021.09.021","article-title":"Application of iliac fascial space block in treatment of elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chongqing Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13479\/j.cnki.jip.2022.02.044","article-title":"Effects of venlafaxine combined with FICB guided by ultrasound on postoperative cognitive function, serum 5-HT and NE levels in elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs211582525","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound guided fascia iliaca block for pain management compared to conventional pain killers; a comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.12200\/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.11.008","article-title":"Ultrasound guided continuous fascia iliaca compartment block for perioperative pain management in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14386","article-title":"Regional nerve blocks improve pain and functional outcomes in hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2017.12.002","article-title":"Patient-controlled fascia iliaca compartment block versus fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing femur fracture surgery","volume":"34","author":"Mostafa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.15932\/j.0253-9713.2015.6.021","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block for pain control during changes of position in patients with inter-trochanteric fracture","volume":"37","author":"Ning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beijing Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.11724\/jdmu.2020.04.06","article-title":"Effect of preemptive and multimodal analgesia on the rapid recovery of perioperative hip fracture in elderly patients","volume":"42","author":"Piao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dalian Med Univ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-0287.2018.02.034","article-title":"Effect of postoperative pain and complications on the B-ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block for the elderly patients with proximal femur fracture","volume":"21","author":"Qing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.19842\/j.cnki.issn.0253-9934.2020.12.003","article-title":"Effects of different analgesia regimens in patients with hip fracture during posture changing","volume":"43","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shanghai Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-8982.2021.04.007","article-title":"The effects of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block on early analgesia in elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"China J Mod Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2021.06.010","article-title":"Effects of continuous fascial iliac compartment block on postoperative cognitive function and stress in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8849.2019.08.023","article-title":"Effect of continuous iliofascial space block on pain and stress response after hip fracture in elderly patients","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod J Integr Trad Chin Western Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001634","article-title":"Fascia Iliaca block decreases hip fracture postoperative opioid consumption: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-9202.2023.09.015","article-title":"Effect of FICB on intravertebral anesthesia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and femoral head replacement","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Gerontol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-6978.2020.01.030","article-title":"Application of continuous iliac fascial block guided by ultrasound in postoperative analgesia of senile intertrochanteric fracture","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1008-8296.2024.03.051","article-title":"Application of uitrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block in perioperative analgesia of elderly patients with hip fractures","volume":"30","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geriatr Health Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.20047\/j.issn1673-7210.2021.34.023","article-title":"Effect of continuous iliac fascial space block on perioperative analgesia, hemodynamics and postoperative delirium in advanced age patients undergoing hip surgery","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med Herald"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13683\/j.wph.2023.05.014","article-title":"Effect of continuous analgesia with iliofascial space block on postoperative pain and early recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Clin Drug"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2020.10.004","article-title":"Effect of preoperative continuous fascia iliaca compartment block on perioperative sleep quality and postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.03.008","article-title":"Comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacies of intravenous acetaminophen and fascia iliaca compartment block in hip fracture surgery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.12200\/j.issn.1003-0034.20220753","article-title":"Application of superior iliac fascia block of inguinal ligament combined with patient controlled intravenous analgesia in elderly patients after hip arthroplasty","volume":"37","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7531\/j.issn.1672-9935.2019.06.013","article-title":"Effect of continuous iliofascial space block on pain and adverse reactions in elderly patients with hip fracture in emergency room","volume":"34","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Bone Joint Inj"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03187467","article-title":"Incidence of hip fractures in the elderly: a cross-national analysis","volume":"1","author":"Maggi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1601-6","article-title":"Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.04.015","article-title":"Epidemiology and social costs of hip fracture","volume":"49","author":"Veronese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00008","article-title":"Meta-analysis: excess mortality after hip fracture among older women and men","volume":"152","author":"Haentjens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.23.112","article-title":"Femoral nerve blocks versus standard pain control for hip fractures: a retrospective comparative analysis","volume":"11","author":"Geizhals","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000564","article-title":"Postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression: a closed claims analysis","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202010-3794OC","article-title":"Opioid use increases the risk of delirium in critically ill adults independently of pain","volume":"204","author":"Duprey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198912000-00003","article-title":"Comparison of the fascia iliaca compartment block with the 3-in-1 block in children","volume":"69","author":"Dalens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd001159","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001159.pub3","article-title":"Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults","volume":"11","author":"Guay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264764.56544.d2","article-title":"Fascia iliaca compartment blockade for acute pain control in hip fracture patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Foss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijotn.2018.11.003","article-title":"Pre-operative pain management with nerve block in patients with hip fractures: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Wennberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2015.75","article-title":"Regional nerve blocks for hip and femoral neck fractures in the emergency department: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Ritcey","year":"2016","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4103\/jwas.jwas_66_23","article-title":"A comparison of fascia iliaca compartment block with intravenous analgesia to improve pain control in patients with femoral fracture","volume":"14","author":"Usman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J West Afr Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.33545\/26643766.2021.v4.i3a.270","article-title":"Comparative study of intravenous fentanyl versus fascia iliaca compartment block in reducing pain for better position in fracture femur patients for sub arachnoid block","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20183644","article-title":"USG guided femoral nerve block vs fascia iliaca compartment block as post-operative analgesia in hip fracture patients","volume":"6","author":"Shukla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.03.003","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a double-blind, dose-comparison, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.56126\/75.1.04","article-title":"Pain management after hip fracture repair surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations","volume":"75","author":"Pissens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8562","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915289","article-title":"A prospective study to compare analgesia from femoral obturator nerve block with fascia Iliaca compartment block for acute preoperative pain in elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjquality.u210130.w4147","article-title":"Analgesia in hip fractures. Do fascia-iliac blocks make any difference?","volume":"5","author":"Callear","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Improv Rep"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-020-00393-7","article-title":"Review of current practices of peripheral nerve blocks for hip fracture and surgery","volume":"10","author":"Dangle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.07.015","article-title":"Opioid mu-receptors in medullary raphe region affect the hypoxic ventilation in anesthetized rats","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1433","article-title":"The role of sleep in cognitive processing: focusing on memory consolidation","volume":"8","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-009-0062-6","article-title":"Fascia iliaca block prophylaxis for hip fracture patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Mouzopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1449-8","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"Iamaroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2007.01415.x","article-title":"Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: prevalence, pathophysiology and burden","volume":"61","author":"Panchal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001391","article-title":"A practical analgesia approach to fragility hip fracture: a single-center, retrospective, cohort study on femoral nerve block","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw255","article-title":"Opioid-induced constipation and bowel dysfunction: a clinical guideline","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller-Lissner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000076","article-title":"Continuous versus single-injection sciatic nerve block added to continuous femoral nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"39","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1611618\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T05:26:31Z","timestamp":1760419591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1611618\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1611618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1611618","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"article-number":"1611618"}}