{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:03:52Z","timestamp":1781625832234,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the loss of cell adhesion in the epidermis. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death dependent on iron, and various diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis-related genes in pemphigus remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns and potential biological functions of ferroptosis-related genes in pemphigus, as well as their regulatory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To achieve this, skin samples from five pemphigus patients and five healthy controls were collected from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Additionally, we processed the GSE53873 microarray dataset, which includes 19 pemphigus samples and 5 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma R package, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify co-expressed gene modules related to pemphigus. Machine learning algorithms such as Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to select key ferroptosis-related genes. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using CIBERSORT and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, experimental validation was conducted through real-time quantitative PCR, transmission electron microscopy, and drug prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results identified 1,840 DEGs in pemphigus patients compared to controls, with significant enrichment in pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Eleven co-expression modules were identified via WGCNA, with the module highlighted in lightcyan color showing the strongest correlation with pemphigus. Machine learning highlighted ACSL4, SAT2, and XBP1 as potential hub genes with high diagnostic value. Immune analysis revealed increased proportions of activated CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and natural killer cells in pemphigus patients. Experimental validation confirmed the presence of ferroptosis morphological features in patient samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, this study elucidates the involvement of ferroptosis-related genes in pemphigus pathogenesis and identifies potential biomarkers for diagnosis. Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:13:35Z","timestamp":1750292015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the role of ferroptosis in pemphigus: identification of diagnostic markers and regulatory mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University","place":["Ningde, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheyu","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital Nan Chong Hospital","place":["Nanchong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zequn","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Dermatology and Venereology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.04.040","article-title":"Pemphigus and pemphigoid: from disease mechanisms to Druggable pathways","volume":"142","author":"Ellebrecht","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.013","article-title":"Autoimmune bullous skin diseases, pemphigus and pemphigoid","volume":"145","author":"Egami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16331","article-title":"Novel pain management therapies for patients with pemphigus","volume":"62","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1159\/000530121","article-title":"The global incidence rate of pemphigus vulgaris: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"239","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-8986-7","article-title":"Pemphigus group: overview, epidemiology, mortality, and comorbidities","volume":"66","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.26","article-title":"Pemphigus","volume":"3","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30070-3","article-title":"First-line rituximab combined with short-term prednisone versus prednisone alone for the treatment of pemphigus (Ritux 3): a prospective, multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised trial","volume":"389","author":"Joly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S142471","article-title":"Emerging treatment options for the management of pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"14","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.11.005","article-title":"Sixteen-year history of rituximab therapy for 1085 pemphigus vulgaris patients: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Tavakolpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.20.06694-8","article-title":"B-cell targeted therapies in pemphigus","volume":"156","author":"Maglie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death Nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0218","article-title":"Dysregulation of iron homeostasis in the central nervous system and the role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"37","author":"David","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2020.11.019","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a novel form of regulated cell death: implications in the pathogenesis, oncometabolism and treatment of human cancer","volume":"9","author":"Pu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00804-z","article-title":"Dysregulated neutrophilic cell death in SLE: a spotlight on ferroptosis","volume":"6","author":"Ohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877634","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.877634","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a critical moderator in the life cycle of immune cells","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087342","article-title":"Ferroptosis-related molecular clusters and diagnostic model in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9497-3","article-title":"Catalase and lipid peroxidation values in serum of Tunisian patients with pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus","volume":"150","author":"Abida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04463.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress index may play a key role in patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"27","author":"Yesilova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Europ Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.15265\/IY-2017-017","article-title":"A review of recent advances in translational bioinformatics: bridges from biology to medicine","volume":"26","author":"Vamathevan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yearb Med Inform"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/10543400903572753","article-title":"Weighted gene coexpression network analysis: state of the art","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz028","article-title":"Comparing enrichment analysis and machine learning for identifying gene properties that discriminate between gene classes","volume":"21","author":"Fabris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bbaa219","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbaa219","article-title":"A review of digital cytometry methods: estimating the relative abundance of cell types in a bulk of cells","volume":"22","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12315","article-title":"Genome-wide gene expression profiling reveals unsuspected molecular alterations in pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"143","author":"Malheiros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv313","article-title":"DSigDB: drug signatures database for gene set analysis","volume":"31","author":"Yoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01418","article-title":"Pemphigus: current and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"10","author":"Didona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2019.1670059","article-title":"What is novel in the clinical management of pemphigus","volume":"12","author":"Bilgic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2012.04.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and clinical features of pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"32","author":"Venugopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","article-title":"Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.019","article-title":"Ironing out the role of ferroptosis in immunity","volume":"57","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.11.075","article-title":"Intraepithelial autoimmune blistering dermatoses: clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"84","author":"Montagnon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01004-z","article-title":"ACSL4, PUFA, and ferroptosis: new arsenal in anti-tumor immunity","volume":"7","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10903-5","article-title":"ACSL4 serves as a novel prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltration in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102850","article-title":"Gene deletion of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 attenuates xenobiotic chemical-induced lung injury via the suppression of lipid peroxidation","volume":"66","author":"Tomitsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbaexp.2006.08.005","article-title":"Spermidine\/Spermine N1-acetyltransferase 2 (SSAT2) functions as a coactivator for NF-kappaB and cooperates with CBP and P\/CAF to enhance NF-kappaB-dependent transcription","volume":"1759","author":"Vogel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11233","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11233","article-title":"Identification of a ferroptosis-related gene signature (FRGS) for predicting clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.02.011","article-title":"The polyamine-regulating enzyme SSAT1 impairs tissue regulatory T cell function in chronic cutaneous inflammation","volume":"58","author":"Neuwirth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070791","article-title":"Roles of XBP1s in transcriptional regulation of target genes","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2022.100555","article-title":"XBP1-mediated activation of the STING signalling pathway in macrophages contributes to liver fibrosis progression","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13226","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13226","article-title":"mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate skin morphogenesis and epidermal barrier formation","volume":"7","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031693","article-title":"Predominant role of mTOR signaling in skin diseases with therapeutic potential","volume":"23","author":"Karagianni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmab008","article-title":"mTOR pathway regulates the differentiation of peripheral blood Th2\/Treg cell subsets in patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"53","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114586","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1114586","article-title":"Association of gut microbiome and metabolites with onset and treatment response of patients with pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03242-3","article-title":"Cholesterol-saturated fat index and severity of pemphigus vulgaris: a cross-sectional study","volume":"316","author":"Fallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01022","article-title":"Crosstalk between signaling pathways in pemphigus: a role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation?","volume":"8","author":"Cipolla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/728529","article-title":"p38 MAPK signaling in pemphigus: implications for skin autoimmunity","volume":"2013","author":"Mavropoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080391","article-title":"Autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease pemphigus foliaceus induce blistering via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling in the skin","volume":"173","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12524","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808204200","article-title":"Biphasic activation of p38MAPK suggests that apoptosis is a downstream event in pemphigus acantholysis","volume":"284","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03387-7","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling of pemphigus lesion infiltrating mononuclear cells reveals a distinct local immune microenvironment and novel lncRNA regulators","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.032","article-title":"Pivotal role of Lesional and perilesional T\/B lymphocytes in pemphigus pathogenesis","volume":"137","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764290","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/764290","article-title":"A possible role for CD8+ T lymphocytes in the cell-mediated pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"2013","author":"Giurdanella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1899701","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615865\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:58:38Z","timestamp":1781621918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615865\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1615865","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"article-number":"1615865"}}