{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:56:26Z","timestamp":1791914186827,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and evaluate tissue-engineered tubular constructs using homologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and decellularized fish swim bladder (DFSB) matrix for urinary diversion in a rabbit model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rabbit ASCs and SMCs were isolated and expanded <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>; cultured cells were seeded onto bilateral surfaces of DFSB scaffolds followed by 7-day incubation; cell-seeded matrices were shaped into tubular constructs; constructs underwent 2-week <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> pre-vascularization within omental pouches. Experimental group rabbits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=24) underwent complete bladder resection with replacement by pre-vascularized constructs, while control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6) received identical implantation of acellular DFSB tubes. Histological evaluations were conducted at postoperative weeks 2, 4, 8, and 16; intravenous urography (IVU) was performed at 16-week endpoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All experimental animals survived until scheduled sacrifice with histological evidence of: (1) luminal multilayer urothelium, (2) organized smooth muscle tissue on abluminal surfaces, and (3) construct-wide neovascularization of varying diameters; IVU confirmed absence of urinary leakage, stricture, or obstruction. Conversely, all control animals died within 2 weeks post-operation; autopsy revealed urine leakage, extensive scar formation, and severe inflammation as mortality causes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tissue-engineered tubular constructs fabricated from homologous ASCs, SMCs, and DFSB scaffold demonstrate feasibility as a viable urinary diversion alternative in rabbit models, showing functional tissue regeneration and superior outcomes versus acellular controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1616977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:29:40Z","timestamp":1750915780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tissue-engineered tubular substitutions for urinary diversion in a preclinical rabbit 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