{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:39:19Z","timestamp":1794242359946,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":328,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has reached alarming levels, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. This review analyzes current evidence on the intricate relationships between MASLD, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with particular emphasis on gut microbiome interactions. As MASLD progresses from simple steatosis to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), it can lead to severe complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of MASLD is multifactorial, involving hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation of the gut-liver axis. Insulin resistance is a central driver of disease progression, closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent research highlights how gut microbiome dysbiosis exacerbates MASLD through mechanisms such as increased intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and altered metabolic signaling. Identification of microbial signatures offers promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. By integrating metabolic, inflammatory, and microbial perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive overview of MASLD pathogenesis and its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1618275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:41:02Z","timestamp":1755175262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): the interplay of gut microbiome, insulin resistance, and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Dua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roushan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunila","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinyemi I.","family":"Ojesina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(23)00603-7","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Na Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0269-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Aron-Wisnewsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.021","article-title":"Clinical and histological features under different nomenclatures of fatty liver disease: NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD and MetALD","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i14.4103","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic risk factors, and hepatocellular carcinoma: an open question","volume":"21","author":"Streba","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"346","author":"Angulo","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115028","article-title":"From NAFLD to HCC: advances in noninvasive diagnosis","volume":"165","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01792-w","article-title":"PNPLA3 rs738409 risk genotype decouples TyG index from HOMA2-IR and intrahepatic lipid content","volume":"22","author":"Nadasdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.005","article-title":"Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-generated acetate suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14478","article-title":"What's in a name? Renaming \u2018NAFLD' to \u2018MAFLD'","volume":"40","author":"Fouad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(24)00530-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease","volume":"55","author":"Ludwig","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.045","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.036","article-title":"Reply to: Correspondence on \u201cA new definition for metabolic associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement\u201d: MAFLD: moving from a concept to practice","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0316-6","article-title":"From NAFLD to MAFLD: when pathophysiology succeeds","volume":"17","author":"Tilg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000696","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"9","article-title":"Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Paschos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippokratia."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2474","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview of current insights in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Schreuder","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00073-9","article-title":"In situ detection of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"37","author":"Seki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.015","article-title":"B2-Lymphocyte responses to oxidative stress-derived antigens contribute to the evolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"124","author":"Bruzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R067595","article-title":"The role of ER stress in lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity","volume":"57","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2005.10.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it","volume":"6","author":"Begriche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mitochondrion."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1170","article-title":"NASH and the gut microbiome: implications for new therapies","volume":"19","author":"Tsay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26093","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: a connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.213","article-title":"NF-kappaB in the liver\u2013linking injury, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Luedde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0692","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes through down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression","volume":"148","author":"Jager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0303-y","article-title":"Mechanisms of inflammatory responses and development of insulin resistance: how are they interlinked?","volume":"23","author":"Rehman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1271","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative stress and antioxidants balance in fatty liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00271-5","article-title":"Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance","volume":"107","author":"Marchesini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.8.1844","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Marchesini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01582.x","article-title":"Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with impaired glucose metabolism in Japanese adults","volume":"22","author":"Jimba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/150639","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today?","volume":"19","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.05.044","article-title":"From NAFLD in clinical practice to answers from guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Nascimbeni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.036","article-title":"Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD","volume":"79","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1682-x","article-title":"Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: sites and mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"132","author":"Shoelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1135","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.0327.2001","article-title":"Abdominal fat distribution and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"283","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1074-z","article-title":"Relationship of adiponectin to body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipoproteins: evidence for independent roles of age and sex","volume":"46","author":"Cnop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802625","article-title":"Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients","volume":"28","author":"Bajaj","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.10.013","article-title":"Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Dandona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421625","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Furukawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103160","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"306","author":"Ozcan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29069","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shoelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2005.11.002","article-title":"Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity","volume":"45","author":"Summers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01137","article-title":"A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"420","author":"Hirosumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1185","article-title":"IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"11","author":"Arkan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0572-9","article-title":"A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0587","article-title":"Review: The role of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"91","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.08.012","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia and the development of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease in nondiabetic adults","volume":"124","author":"Rhee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26672","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"59","author":"Birkenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118645","article-title":"Human fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by a eucaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet","volume":"97","author":"Hudgins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S377","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.31.x","article-title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: definitions and pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0190","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease: hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes\u2013pathogenesis and clinical relevance","volume":"2","author":"Roden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19353","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201584200","article-title":"Absence of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) ameliorates fatty livers but not obesity or insulin resistance in Lep(ob)\/Lep(ob) mice","volume":"277","author":"Yahagi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.004","article-title":"Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Koliaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.191","article-title":"Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Hebbard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.08.004","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A main driver of insulin resistance or a dangerous liaison?","volume":"1842","author":"Gruben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00033.2003","article-title":"Mechanisms of the free fatty acid-induced increase in hepatic glucose production","volume":"284","author":"Lam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0383","article-title":"Inhibition of insulin sensitivity by free fatty acids requires activation of multiple serine kinases in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20462","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R114.576355","article-title":"Pathway-selective insulin resistance and metabolic disease: the importance of nutrient flux","volume":"289","author":"Otero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133649","article-title":"The role of insulin resistance in fueling NAFLD pathogenesis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Palma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.04.003","article-title":"Alternative M2 activation of Kupffer cells by PPARdelta ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"7","author":"Odegaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26754","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in liver homeostasis and pathology","volume":"59","author":"Sica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15718","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407076101","article-title":"The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage","volume":"101","author":"Backhed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.007","article-title":"An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system","volume":"122","author":"Mazmanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160794","article-title":"A stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"322","author":"Sabio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.02.015","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome","volume":"3","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","article-title":"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology","volume":"102","author":"Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1079","article-title":"Getting a grip on things: how do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine?","volume":"5","author":"Sonnenburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10.164921","article-title":"Germ-free C57BL\/6J mice are resistant to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance and have altered cholesterol metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Rabot","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809302","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in NAFLD and NASH","author":"Kolodziejczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18754-5","article-title":"Distinct signatures of gut microbiome and metabolites associated with significant fibrosis in non-obese NAFLD","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107","article-title":"Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa","volume":"107","author":"De Filippo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.056689","article-title":"Diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites in colon cancer risk in rural Africans and African Americans","volume":"98","author":"Ou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16147","article-title":"A metagenomic study identifies a Prevotella copri enriched microbial profile associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in subjects with obesity","volume":"38","author":"Moran-Ramos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0296-4","article-title":"Perturbation of the gut microbiome by Prevotella spp. enhances host susceptibility to mucosal inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Iljazovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12760","article-title":"The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"151","author":"Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132","article-title":"Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans","volume":"94","author":"Jumpertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213","article-title":"Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system","volume":"474","author":"Kau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214","article-title":"Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice","volume":"341","author":"Ridaura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.10.016","article-title":"Specialized metabolites from the microbiome in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Sharon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042930","article-title":"The role of microbial amino acid metabolism in host metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Neis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.7","article-title":"Dysbiosis and the immune system","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2004.00126.x","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis in obese patients: clinical aspects and prognostic significance","volume":"5","author":"Festi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.02.007","article-title":"Gut\u2013liver axis: the impact of gut microbiota on non alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Compare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303816","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota determines development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice","volume":"62","author":"Le Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.001","article-title":"Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Loomba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307649","article-title":"Identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium deficient in Crohn's disease","volume":"65","author":"Quevrain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.172460","article-title":"Fatty liver accompanies an increase in lactobacillus species in the hind gut of C57BL\/6 mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"143","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","article-title":"Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"56","author":"Cani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00488.2011","article-title":"Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine","volume":"303","author":"De Wit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-15","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols increase fecal mucin and immunoglobulin A and ameliorate the disturbance in gut microbiota caused by a high fat diet","volume":"57","author":"Taira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.06.013","article-title":"Meta-Analysis Reveals Reproducible Gut Microbiome Alterations in Response to a High-Fat Diet","volume":"26","author":"Bisanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00376","article-title":"High-fat diet induced alteration of mice microbiota and the functional ability to utilize fructooligosaccharide for ethanol production","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.8","article-title":"Women with and without metabolic disorder differ in their gut microbiota composition","volume":"20","author":"Munukka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.007","article-title":"Genetic control of obesity and gut microbiota composition in response to high-fat, high-sucrose diet in mice","volume":"17","author":"Parks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000209","article-title":"Influence of high-fat diet on gut microbiota: a driving force for chronic disease risk","volume":"18","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030624","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota and metabolites in obesity-associated chronic gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"14","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517001593","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with the gut microbiota pattern and gastrointestinal characteristics in an adult population","volume":"117","author":"Mitsou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00890","article-title":"Shifts on gut microbiota associated to mediterranean diet adherence and specific dietary intakes on general adult population","volume":"9","author":"Garcia-Mantrana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00028","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition in non-human primates consuming a western or mediterranean diet","volume":"5","author":"Nagpal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020662","article-title":"The intestinal barrier and its dysfunction in patients with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Forlano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.11.030","article-title":"Blood endotoxin levels as biomarker of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Soppert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.252.iwg","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Fialho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1447-3","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association with toll-like receptor 4 expression and plasma levels of interleukin 8","volume":"56","author":"Shanab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030723","article-title":"Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Gkolfakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997018","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.997018","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.042","article-title":"High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity","volume":"137","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.002","article-title":"Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Loomba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.11.011","article-title":"The effects of pathogen-associated molecular patterns on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00466","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000466","article-title":"Relationship between hepatic gene expression, intestinal microbiota, and inferred functional metagenomic analysis in NAFLD","volume":"13","author":"Pettinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10809","article-title":"Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity","volume":"482","author":"Henao-Mejia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108273","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid receptors and gut microbiota as therapeutic targets in metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases","volume":"239","author":"Ikeda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12464","article-title":"Role of short-chain fatty acids in host physiology","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal Model Exp Med."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900470c","article-title":"Acetic acid upregulates the expression of genes for fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver to suppress body fat accumulation","volume":"57","author":"Kondo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","article-title":"Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02431-w","article-title":"A bridge for short-chain fatty acids to affect inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease positively: by changing gut barrier","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156334","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156334","article-title":"Promotion of intestinal epithelial cell turnover by commensal bacteria: role of short-chain fatty acids","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01125-7","article-title":"Commensal microbe-derived acetate suppresses NAFLD\/NASH development via hepatic FFAR2 signalling in mice","volume":"9","author":"Aoki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60","article-title":"Sodium butyrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by improving gut microbiota and gastrointestinal barrier","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0183-1","article-title":"Sodium butyrate reduces high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through upregulation of hepatic GLP-1R expression","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040951","article-title":"Oral supplementation of sodium butyrate attenuates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"12","author":"Baumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10675","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01954B","article-title":"Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by sodium butyrate is linked to the modulation of intestinal tight junctions in db\/db mice","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155214","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00402","article-title":"The intestinal microbiome and the leaky gut as therapeutic targets in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Hartmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308379","article-title":"Insulin resistance alters hepatic ethanol metabolism: studies in mice and children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Engstler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27635","article-title":"Interaction of gut microbiota with dysregulation of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential therapeutic implications of probiotics","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.45.87","article-title":"Taurine attenuates hepatic steatosis in a genetic model of fatty liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Miyata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312975","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 15\/19 (FGF15\/19) protects from diet-induced hepatic steatosis: development of an FGF19-based chimeric molecule to promote fatty liver regeneration","volume":"66","author":"Alvarez-Sola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26319","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28572","article-title":"Gut microbiota profiling of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obese patients unveiled by an integrated meta-omics-based approach","volume":"65","author":"Del Chierico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.025","article-title":"Macrophage heterogeneity in liver injury and fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Tacke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091575","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of NASH","author":"Caligiuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108909","article-title":"Inhibition of P2Y(6) receptor expression in Kupffer cells alleviates alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"109","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949157","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/949157","article-title":"Innate immune cells in liver inflammation","volume":"2012","author":"Liaskou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2174\/187152811798104890","article-title":"Modification of chemokine pathways and immune cell infiltration as a novel therapeutic approach in liver inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13653","article-title":"Diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Why liver biopsy is essential","volume":"1","author":"Bedossa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179588","article-title":"Influence of foods and nutrition on the gut microbiome and implications for intestinal health","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72909-8","article-title":"Altered gut microbial profile accompanied by abnormal short chain fatty acid metabolism exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2019.1569513","article-title":"Gut microbiota: novel therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Suk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004911","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1004911","article-title":"Gut microbiota therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence from randomized clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300688","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300688","article-title":"From gut to hormones: unraveling the role of gut microbiota in (phyto)estrogen modulation in health and disease","volume":"68","author":"Kumari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.04.004","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in chronic liver disease: the clinical evidence revised","volume":"1","author":"Schwenger","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524205","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.524205","article-title":"The potential gut microbiota-mediated treatment options for liver cancer","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111235","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota as a therapeutic target in the treatment of NAFLD and ALD","volume":"135","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2022.100185","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis involves in host non-alcoholic fatty liver disease upon pyrethroid pesticide exposure","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Sci Ecotechnol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119874096.ch22","article-title":"Microbial bioproduction of antiaging molecules","volume-title":"Microbial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules","author":"Dua","year":"2023"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071714","article-title":"Current and future treatments in the fight against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Smeuninx","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12671","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult and children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"46","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Res."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-019-00808-y","article-title":"Recent advancements in the development of modern probiotics for restoring human gut microbiome dysbiosis","volume":"60","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2015.117","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endosc."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13953","article-title":"The rising dominance of microbiology: what to expect in the next 15 years?","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50048","article-title":"Probiotics and antibodies to TNF inhibit inflammatory activity and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045425","article-title":"VSL#3 resets insulin signaling and protects against NASH and atherosclerosis in a model of genetic dyslipidemia and intestinal inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Mencarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112837","article-title":"Role of probiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: does gut microbiota matter?","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G911","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00225.2013","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development in a rodent model","volume":"305","author":"Okubo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01621","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01621-23","article-title":"Identification of a microbial sub-community from the feral chicken gut that reduces Salmonella colonization and improves gut health in a gnotobiotic chicken model","volume":"12","author":"Wongkuna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01662","article-title":"Criteria to qualify microorganisms as \u201cprobiotic\u201d in foods and dietary supplements","volume":"11","author":"Binda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093192","article-title":"The effect of probiotics (MCP((R)) BCMC((R)) Strains) on hepatic steatosis, small intestinal mucosal immune function, and intestinal barrier in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Mohamad Nor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31364-X","article-title":"Treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with probiotics. A proof-of-concept study","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2019-000315","article-title":"High potency multistrain probiotic improves liver histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomised, double-blind, proof of concept study","volume":"6","author":"Duseja","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42059-3","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a multispecies probiotic mixture in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6911","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i40.6911","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068890","article-title":"Synbiotic supplementation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"99","author":"Eslamparast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2015.1031355","article-title":"Effects of multistrain probiotic supplementation on glycemic and inflammatory indices in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Sepideh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.271.kby","article-title":"A Multi-strain probiotic reduces the fatty liver index, cytokines and aminotransferase levels in NAFLD patients: evidence from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Kobyliak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz042","article-title":"Gut microbiome-targeted therapies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"110","author":"Sharpton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7888076","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7888076","article-title":"Effect of probiotics therapy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"2022","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17562848231174299","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231174299","article-title":"The effect of synbiotics in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155306","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155306","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of human clinical trials","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470185","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1470185","article-title":"The effect of gut microbiome-targeted therapies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05699-z","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83690","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83690","article-title":"Metabolic model-based ecological modeling for probiotic design","volume":"13","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-018-8346-2","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pro-, pre-, syn-, and antibiotics","volume":"56","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-00352-2","article-title":"Understanding the role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: current evidence and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Vallianou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111217","article-title":"Dietary fibers as beneficial microbiota modulators: a proposed classification by prebiotic categories","volume":"89","author":"Rezende","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8232","article-title":"Potential prebiotic properties of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L","volume":"97","author":"Duarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112522","article-title":"Prebiotic characteristics of arabinogalactans during in vitro fermentation through multi-omics analysis","volume":"156","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1721-2","article-title":"Histological improvement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with a prebiotic: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Bomhof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113460","article-title":"The relationship between prebiotic supplementation and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with NAFLD-A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","author":"Stachowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1887-4","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharides in patients with non alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Malaguarnera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2013.775224","article-title":"The effects of synbiotic supplementation on some cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children: a randomized triple-masked controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Safavi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1803-3","article-title":"Protective effects of synbiotic diets of Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin against acute cadmium toxicity in rats","volume":"17","author":"Jafarpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M075713","article-title":"Modulation of the gut microbiota impacts nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a potential role for bile acids","volume":"58","author":"Janssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.035","article-title":"Antibiotics protect against fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice: role of endotoxin","volume":"48","author":"Bergheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.07.013","article-title":"Emerging and established therapeutic approaches for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000348","article-title":"Efficacy of rifaximin on circulating endotoxins and cytokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Gangarapu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0297-9","article-title":"Antibiotic perturbation of the murine gut microbiome enhances the adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver disease associated with high-fat diet","volume":"8","author":"Mahana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15663","article-title":"Antibiotic use and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03011-w","article-title":"The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"76","author":"Safari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.06.031","article-title":"Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Vrieze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.008","article-title":"Update on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 2015: Indications, Methodologies, Mechanisms, and Outlook","volume":"149","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243787","article-title":"Microbiology. Fighting obesity with bacteria","volume":"341","author":"Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05220.x","article-title":"Systematic review: faecal microbiota transplantation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"36","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i19.3565","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation cured epilepsy in a case with Crohn's disease: the first report","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.008","article-title":"Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition","volume":"26","author":"Kootte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13543","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013543","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation relieve painful diabetic neuropathy: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318320","article-title":"Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time","volume":"69","author":"De Groot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01751-y","article-title":"Total fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice via beneficial regulation of gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319664","article-title":"Dietary cholesterol drives fatty liver-associated liver cancer by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01480-z","article-title":"Mechanistic and physiological approaches of fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of NAFLD","volume":"70","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Res."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2021.0655","article-title":"Adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation: a meta-analysis of high-quality studies","volume":"34","author":"Michailidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116723","article-title":"Decreasing the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From therapeutic targets to drug discovery opportunities","volume":"277","author":"Amorim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063167","article-title":"Usefulness of probiotics in the management of NAFLD: evidence and involved mechanisms of action from preclinical and human models","volume":"23","author":"Arellano-Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661","article-title":"Allogenic fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease improves abnormal small intestinal permeability: a randomized control trial","volume":"115","author":"Craven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759306","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.759306","article-title":"Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01964-3","article-title":"Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases","volume":"28","author":"Ianiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437","article-title":"Drug-resistant E. coli bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant","volume":"381","author":"Defilipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.06.003","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver and the gut microbiota","volume":"5","author":"Bashiardes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.09.013","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor agonists: a promising therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"3","author":"Almeqdadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37271","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037271","article-title":"The effect and safety of obeticholic acid for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"103","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021317-121550","article-title":"SR-B1: a unique multifunctional receptor for cholesterol influx and efflux","volume":"80","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31205","article-title":"Cilofexor, a nonsteroidal FXR agonist, in patients with noncirrhotic NASH: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00907","article-title":"Discovery of tropifexor (LJN452), a highly potent non-bile acid FXR agonist for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"60","author":"Tully","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Chem."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.10.023","article-title":"Hepatic and renal improvements with FXR agonist vonafexor in individuals with suspected fibrotic NASH","volume":"78","author":"Ratziu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i1.84","article-title":"Novel glucose-lowering drugs for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Diabetes."},{"key":"B225","unstructured":"Discovery of dapagliflozin: a potent, selective renal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes\n          \n          1145\n          9\n          \n            \n              Meng\n              W\n            \n            \n              Ellsworth\n              BA\n            \n            \n              Nirschl\n              AA\n            \n            \n              Mccann\n              PJ\n            \n            \n              Patel\n              M\n            \n            \n              Girotra\n              RN\n            \n          \n          18260618\n          J Med Chem.\n          51\n          2008"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063107","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD: expanding their role beyond diabetes and cardioprotection","volume":"23","author":"Androutsakos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.054","article-title":"Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP","volume":"132","author":"Baggio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2024.188","article-title":"New insights into AMPK, as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatic fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"An","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomol Ther."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0542","article-title":"An AMPK-caspase-6 axis controls liver damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"367","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3372","article-title":"Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin","volume":"19","author":"Fullerton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100237","article-title":"Aramchol downregulates stearoyl CoA-desaturase 1 in hepatic stellate cells to attenuate cellular fibrogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00907-7","article-title":"Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"125","author":"Feldstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802491","article-title":"Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance: potential links with inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Perseghin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S73","article-title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathways in inflammation and origin of obesity and diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-9-42","article-title":"The role of hepatic fat accumulation in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3727\/105221617X15124844266408","article-title":"The effects of physical exercise on fatty liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Van Der Windt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene Expr."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2247","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"30","author":"Targher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8377","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: from physiopathological interplay to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Leite","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.06.015","article-title":"An association of large-fibre peripheral nerve dysfunction with non-invasive measures of liver fibrosis secondary to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013","article-title":"NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease","volume":"72","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14274","article-title":"Liver fibrosis by FibroScan((R)) independently of established cardiovascular risk parameters associates with macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11040968","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00519-y","article-title":"Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1415-1","article-title":"Current and future pharmacological therapies for NAFLD\/NASH","volume":"53","author":"Sumida","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B246","first-page":"536","article-title":"PURLs: statins for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver?","volume":"60","author":"Egan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Fam Pract."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104392","article-title":"Dissecting the multifaceted impact of statin use on fatty liver disease: a multidimensional study","volume":"87","author":"Ayada","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00800-4","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05694.x","article-title":"Effect of a lifestyle intervention in patients with abnormal liver enzymes and metabolic risk factors","volume":"24","author":"St George","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Promrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v4.i7.224","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chengyang District, Qingdao, China","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Hepatol."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X13484078","article-title":"Prospective histopathologic evaluation of lifestyle modification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized trial","volume":"6","author":"Eckard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.013","article-title":"Community-based lifestyle modification programme for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.013","article-title":"The beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decreasing hepatic fat content","volume":"71","author":"Gepner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.12.022","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Plauth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.016","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and liver diseases","volume":"77","author":"Marti-Aguado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi23-0009","article-title":"Practical lifestyle management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease for busy clinicians","volume":"37","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0426-3","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of a Mediterranean Dietary Intervention for Adults with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (MEDINA): study protocol","volume":"16","author":"Papamiltiadous","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061239","article-title":"Low adherence to the mediterranean diet is associated with poor socioeconomic status and younger age: a cross-sectional analysis of the EpiDoC cohort","author":"Mendonca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13069","article-title":"A Mediterranean and low-fat dietary intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: Exploring participant experience and perceptions about dietary change","volume":"36","author":"George","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet."},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"FSO919","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2023-0140","article-title":"Adherence and barriers to Mediterranean diet in Tunisian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Shema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.044","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to mediterranean diet adoption by patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Northern Europe","volume":"17","author":"Haigh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-024-10663-9","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a 24-h integrated behavior perspective","volume":"18","author":"Keating","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0263931","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263931","article-title":"Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Fernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000108","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) International Multidisciplinary Roundtable report on physical activity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Stine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun."},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.023","article-title":"Physical activity, measured objectively, is associated with lower mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.029","article-title":"Physical activity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and significant fibrosis measured by FibroScan","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.043","article-title":"Association of physical activity with risk of liver fibrosis, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Chun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100322","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a patient guideline","volume":"3","author":"Francque","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15760","article-title":"Liver fibrosis and liver stiffness in patients with obesity and type 1 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Al-Ozairi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38444","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038444","article-title":"Favorable liver and skeletal muscle changes in patients with MASLD and T2DM receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: a prospective cohort study","volume":"103","author":"Kakegawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707452","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones: effects on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system","volume":"153","author":"Quinn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04017-x","article-title":"Synergistic benefit of thiazolidinedione and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, open-label, randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020428","article-title":"The triad of risk: linking MASLD, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes; from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"14","author":"Michalopoulou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110782","article-title":"Long-term abuse of a high-carbohydrate diet is as harmful as a high-fat diet for development and progression of liver injury in a mouse model of NAFLD\/NASH","volume":"2020","author":"Pompili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642628","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.642628","article-title":"A clinical perspective of low carbohydrate ketogenic diets: a narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Sukkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061483","article-title":"Different dietary approaches, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Torres-Pena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B278","article-title":"Role of diet and lifestyle changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Nseir","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016","article-title":"Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise","volume":"67","author":"Romero-Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.6515\/ACS.202109_37(5).20210323B","article-title":"Visfatin as a promising marker of cardiometabolic risk","volume":"37","author":"Erten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol Sin."},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15024","article-title":"Diet and exercise in NAFLD\/NASH: beyond the obvious","volume":"41","author":"Semmler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0030","article-title":"Gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharides, and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular risk","volume":"31","author":"Manco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611436116","article-title":"Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation","volume":"27","author":"Krajmalnik-Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract."},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.05.001","article-title":"Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: a review","volume":"6","author":"Mach","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2024.101923","article-title":"The microbiome-driven impact of western diet in the development of noncommunicable chronic disorders","volume":"72","author":"Severino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0856","article-title":"Effect of a 12-month intensive lifestyle intervention on hepatic steatosis in adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Lazo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25548","article-title":"Randomized trial of exercise effect on intrahepatic triglyceride content and lipid kinetics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"55","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi18-0043","article-title":"Exercise combats hepatic steatosis: potential mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"69","author":"Thyfault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01918-w","article-title":"Exercise in the management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adults: a position statement from exercise and sport science Australia","volume":"53","author":"Keating","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827615619159","article-title":"Lifestyle and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: a status report","volume":"12","author":"Galaviz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med."},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajmo.2023.100031","article-title":"The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Syeda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Med Open."},{"key":"B292","volume-title":"Lifestyle Modification for Diabetes and Heart Disease Prevention","author":"Patel","year":"2024"},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.07.031","article-title":"Exercise reduces liver lipids and visceral adiposity in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Houghton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21942","article-title":"Characteristics of weight loss trajectories in a comprehensive lifestyle intervention","volume":"25","author":"Marek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1159\/000501851","article-title":"Rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"101","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digestion."},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32037-1","article-title":"Mouse strain-dependent variation in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): a comprehensive resource tool for pre-clinical studies","volume":"13","author":"Karimkhanloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00102-2","article-title":"Leptin is essential for the hepatic fibrogenic response to chronic liver injury","volume":"37","author":"Leclercq","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302010000800005","article-title":"Congenital leptin deficiency: diagnosis and effects of leptin replacement therapy","volume":"54","author":"Paz-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol."},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2011.02.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100281","article-title":"A human liver chimeric mouse model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Bissig-Choisat","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12338","article-title":"Hepatic transcriptome signatures in mice and humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animal Model Exp Med."},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01043-6","article-title":"An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","author":"Vacca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4829","article-title":"Animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current perspectives and recent advances","volume":"241","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314762","article-title":"Utility of human relevant preclinical animal models in navigating NAFLD to MAFLD paradigm","author":"Chua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31755","article-title":"Microbiota-driven activation of intrahepatic B cells aggravates NASH through innate and adaptive signaling","volume":"74","author":"Barrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074950","article-title":"The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting","volume":"31","author":"Merad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0076-1","article-title":"Transcriptional network analysis implicates altered hepatic immune function in NASH development and resolution","volume":"1","author":"Haas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01344-3","article-title":"XCR1(+) type 1 conventional dendritic cells drive liver pathology in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Deczkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00193.2013","article-title":"IFN-gamma deficiency attenuates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a steatohepatitis model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat diet","volume":"305","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B310","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Levels of serum hyaluronic acid, TNF-alpha and IL-8 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"52","author":"Bahcecioglu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology."},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.09.003","article-title":"Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes","volume":"26","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137221","article-title":"Lymphotoxin beta receptor-dependent control of lipid homeostasis","volume":"316","author":"Lo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301857","article-title":"NKT-associated hedgehog and osteopontin drive fibrogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Syn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.028","article-title":"Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis","volume":"1862","author":"Coombes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1677172","article-title":"Platelet GPIbalpha is a mediator and potential interventional target for NASH and subsequent liver cancer","volume":"25","author":"Malehmir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.10","article-title":"Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.004","article-title":"Osteopontin expression identifies a subset of recruited macrophages distinct from Kupffer cells in the fatty liver","volume":"53","author":"Remmerie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31889","article-title":"The emerging role of B cells in the pathogenesis of NAFLD","volume":"74","author":"Barrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-21-404","article-title":"The role of B cells in metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr."},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1379225","article-title":"The role of dendritic cells in MASH: friends or foes?","volume":"15","author":"Pinto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiu002","article-title":"Altered gut microbial energy and metabolism in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"91","author":"Michail","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol."},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306098","article-title":"CCL20 mediates lipopolysaccharide induced liver injury and is a potential driver of inflammation and fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"63","author":"Affo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26695","article-title":"Dysbiosis contributes to fibrogenesis in the course of chronic liver injury in mice","volume":"59","author":"De Minicis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.06.006","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin and\/or insulin glargine on beta cell mass and hepatic steatosis in db\/db mice","volume":"98","author":"Omori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107492","article-title":"The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin negatively regulates IL-17\/IL-23 axis-mediated inflammatory responses in T2DM with NAFLD via the AMPK\/mTOR\/autophagy pathway","volume":"94","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020818","article-title":"Empagliflozin attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high fat diet fed ApoE((-\/-)) mice by activating autophagy and reducing ER stress and apoptosis","volume":"22","author":"Nasiri-Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7356","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i23.7356","article-title":"Incretin based therapies: a novel treatment approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Blaslov","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030524","article-title":"The role of gut-liver axis in gut microbiome dysbiosis associated NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1618275\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1755175265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1618275\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":328,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1618275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1618275","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"article-number":"1618275"}}