{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T06:10:14Z","timestamp":1756447814140,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the most efficacious insulin resistance (IR) indices to predict metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 1,587 patients with T2DM. MASLD was defined by abdominal ultrasound findings. Liver fibrosis risk was assessed with FIB-4. All participants underwent a 100\u202fg standard steamed bread meal test. We analyzed basal IR indices (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, IAI, Bennett ISI) and post-stimulation IR indices (ISI<jats:sub>matsuda<\/jats:sub>, ISI<jats:sub>0,120<\/jats:sub>) to explore their associations with MASLD and liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were categorized into four groups according to IR indices quartiles. Among post-stimulation IR indices, MASLD detection rates in ISI<jats:sub>matsuda<\/jats:sub> Q1\u2013Q4 groups were 65.7, 54.2, 37.0, and 22.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) for MASLD in ISI<jats:sub>matsuda<\/jats:sub> Q1-Q3 groups compared to the Q4 group (OR\u202f=\u202f3.63, 2.53, and 1.53, respectively; all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Similar results were observed across other IR indices (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates of liver fibrosis or the ORs among the quartile groups of the IR indices (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that ISI<jats:sub>matsuda<\/jats:sub> had superior predictive power for MASLD in patients with T2DM (AUC\u202f=\u202f0.701). Based on these findings, a risk prediction model for MASLD in the T2DM population was constructed using age, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), and 2-h postprandial C-peptide (2\u202fh CP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the IR indices, ISI<jats:sub>matsuda<\/jats:sub> demonstrated the strongest correlation and highest predictive value for MASLD in T2DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1623808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T05:44:48Z","timestamp":1756446288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ISImatsuda as a potential predictor of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaixin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaiying","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"EASL\u2013EASD\u2013EASO 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