{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:33:17Z","timestamp":1788222797222,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although arthroscopic shoulder surgery confers clear advantages for recovery, it is often complicated by intraoperative hemodynamic instability and prolonged postoperative pain. This study investigates the clinical utility of stellate ganglion block (SGB) combined with general anesthesia (GA) to address these issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective analysis, 60 patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroscopy were categorized into SGB+GA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) and GA-only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) cohorts. Outcomes included intraoperative hemodynamic parameters (MAP, HR), postoperative pain (VAS scores), opioid-related complications, and hospitalization duration. Statistical analyses utilized <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests and non-parametric tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SGB+GA group demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and markedly lower pain scores postoperatively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Opioid-induced complications such as nausea (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.028) were significantly reduced. Median hospital stay was shorter with SGB+GA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrating SGB with GA optimizes perioperative management by stabilizing hemodynamics, enhancing analgesia, and minimizing opioid reliance, thereby expediting recovery. These findings support SGB as a valuable adjunct, though prospective validation is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T05:28:34Z","timestamp":1757914114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective efficacy analysis of stellate ganglion block combined with general anesthesia in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zilin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2024.03.002","article-title":"Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in active patients younger than 45 Years: a prospective analysis with a mean 5-year follow-up.","volume":"8","author":"Rupp","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Int."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241247289","article-title":"Postoperative negative pain thoughts and their correlation with patient-reported outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: an observational cohort study.","volume":"52","author":"Kuechly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.02.031","article-title":"Addition of preoperative ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block and axillary nerve block to parecoxib is more effective in early postoperative pain control after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective randomized controlled study.","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.22638","article-title":"Effects of the costoclavicular block versus interscalene block in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under monitored anesthesia care: a randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study.","volume":"76","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.11.054","article-title":"Peripheral nerve blocks outperform general anesthesia for pain control in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"38","author":"Kalthoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35174","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35174","article-title":"A review of stellate ganglion block as an adjunctive treatment modality.","volume":"15","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B7","author":"Piraccini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stellate Ganglion Blocks."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E597","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2024.7.E597","article-title":"Comprehensive Overview of the stellate ganglion block throughout the past three decades: a bibliometric analysis.","volume":"27","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Physician."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100127","article-title":"Complications associated with stellate ganglion nerve block: a systematic review.","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000605241252237","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605241252237","article-title":"Efficacy of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block in relieving acute postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int Med Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061767","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1061767","article-title":"Establishment of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block in rats.","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657584","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.657584","article-title":"Current biological strategies to enhance surgical treatment for rotator cuff repair.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6678","DOI":"10.15674\/0030-59872024138-42","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block on the balance of the supply and demand of cerebral oxygen during permissive hypercapnia in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in beach chair position.","volume":"14","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S451952","article-title":"Objective evaluation of stellate ganglion block effects using ultrasound wave intensity technology: a study on hemodynamics.","volume":"17","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-023-02594-0","article-title":"Reducing rebound pain severity after arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia and interscalene block: a two-centre randomized controlled trial of pre-emptive opioid treatment compared with placebo.","volume":"71","author":"Uppal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.38254-22.2","article-title":"Continuous SGB inhibits occurrence and maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia via reducing inflammatory cytokines in striatum and PAG of PD nociception rat models.","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_304_22","article-title":"Stellate ganglion block beyond chronic pain: a literature review on its application in painful and non-painful conditions.","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2024.844575","article-title":"Efficacy of dexamethasone or clonidine as adjuvants in interscalene brachial plexus block for preventing rebound pain after shoulder surgery: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"75","author":"Nobre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03391-4","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on limb spasticity in patients with ischemic stroke.","volume":"23","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.288992","article-title":"Effect of stellate ganglion block on intraoperative propofol and Fentanyl consumption in patients with complex regional pain syndrome undergoing surgical repair of brachial plexus injury: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"68","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol India."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921016","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.921016","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of perioperative analgesic effects of different interventions on postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery based on randomized controlled trials.","volume":"9","author":"Jiangping","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18537","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18537","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block with preserved motor function for upper extremity surgery.","volume":"13","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2019.12.007","article-title":"Efficacy of local infiltration anesthesia versus interscalene nerve blockade for total shoulder arthroplasty.","volume":"4","author":"Updegrove","year":"2020","journal-title":"JSES Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625121\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T05:28:35Z","timestamp":1757914115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625121\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625121","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"article-number":"1625121"}}