{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:57:24Z","timestamp":1791975444154,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This CARE-guided report details a rare case of bloodstream infection caused by coinfection of <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic> in a 69-year-old male with diabetic foot. <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic> are an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes human infection, while bloodstream infection is more rarely. They are tend to occur in immunocompromised individuals and are highly susceptible to mixed infections with other opportunistic pathogens. <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis and Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic> can cause invasive infections, including bloodstream infection, abscess, endocarditis and other infectious diseases. We reported a 69-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by a chronic, neuropathic, right-first-toe ulcer (Wagner grade 4 with underlying osteomyelitis), presented with chills, fever, and foot pain. Cultures of blood and purulent secretions from the foot revealed a mixed infection that was predominantly caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic>. After 9\u202fdays of treatment with antibiotics, the patient exhibited a satisfactory recovery and he was discharged from the hospital. Clinicians should pay attention to disseminated infections caused by <jats:italic>Actinomyces turicensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Gemella morbillorum<\/jats:italic>. Timely microbiological examinations and accurate identification methods are conducive to early diagnosis. The prognosis is relatively favorable with appropriate antibiotics, lesion removal, and other therapeutic measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1626567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T04:11:16Z","timestamp":1754626276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bloodstream infection caused by coinfection of Actinomyces turicensis and Gemella morbillorum: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengdong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1086\/516337","article-title":"Actinomycosis","volume":"26","author":"Smego","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S39601","article-title":"Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"7","author":"Ferry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000574","article-title":"Actinomyces turicensis Bacteremia secondary to a decubitus ulcer: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Snead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Prac"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10207-4","article-title":"Recurrent septic arthritis caused by gemella morbillorum: a case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67700-8","article-title":"Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot","volume":"366","author":"Falanga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3280","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3280","article-title":"Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update)","volume":"36","author":"Lipsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220599","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0599","article-title":"Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: a case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01079","article-title":"Aortic valve endocarditis by actinomyces odontolyticus and gemella morbillorum oral pathogens","volume":"24","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Idcases"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00524","article-title":"The versatility of opportunistic infections caused by gemella isolates is supported by the carriage of virulence factors from multiple origins","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2011.05.010","article-title":"Burden of emerging anaerobes in the MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing era","volume":"17","author":"La Scola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3610-y","article-title":"Case report of Actinomyces turicensis meningitis as a complication of purulent mastoiditis","volume":"18","author":"Kocsis","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004408","DOI":"10.1099\/jmmcr.0.004408","article-title":"A case of otitis media complicated by intracranial infection with actinomyces turicensis","volume":"1","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMM Case Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100892","article-title":"Pleural empyema caused by Actinomyces turicensis","volume":"41","author":"Agrafiotis","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2021.101365","article-title":"Polymicrobial empyema; 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