{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1754152374309,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal epidermoid cysts (RECs) are exceedingly rare benign cystic lesions, with only 15 histologically confirmed cases reported worldwide to date. Due to their non-specific clinical and radiological features, they are often misdiagnosed preoperatively as infectious or neoplastic conditions. Here, we report a 25-year-old man in whom a complex renal cyst was incidentally identified during a routine health examination. Retrospectively, the patient reported mild urinary frequency and low-grade fever. Imaging suggested a non-enhancing heterogeneous cyst in the lower pole of the right kidney. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed, revealing abundant yellow-white caseating material intraoperatively, prompting empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy in the context of regional endemicity. However, histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of RECs, and anti-tuberculous treatment was subsequently withdrawn. On postoperative day 5, the patient developed gross hematuria due to a renal artery pseudoaneurysm, which was successfully managed with selective arterial embolization. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical cystic renal lesions and underscores the importance of integrating imaging, intraoperative findings, and histopathology. Including RECs in the differential diagnosis may prevent unnecessary antituberculous therapy and overtreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1632764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T05:20:38Z","timestamp":1753161638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renal epidermoid cyst mimicking renal tuberculous abscess: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijiu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengdao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guobiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shulian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.06.016","article-title":"The 2022 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part a: renal, penile, and testicular tumours","volume":"82","author":"Moch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025904213509","article-title":"Epidermoid cyst in the renal pelvis","volume":"35","author":"Gokce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16565.x","article-title":"A renal epidermoid cyst","volume":"74","author":"Emtage","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1827.2003.01512.x","article-title":"Intrarenal epidermal cyst","volume":"53","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.11.032","article-title":"Epidermoid cyst in the kidney","volume":"78","author":"Desai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_618_16","article-title":"Epidermoid cyst of the renal pelvis masquerading as malignancy","volume":"60","author":"Pradhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2021.101649","article-title":"Renal epidermoid cyst: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Barrios Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2023.102419","article-title":"Intra renal epidermal cyst simulating a renal tumor: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Ido","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597909180014","article-title":"Epiermoid cyst in the kidney","volume":"13","author":"Krogdahl","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(10)70085-1","article-title":"Intrarenal epidermal cyst","volume":"26","author":"Dadali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uroco.2015.09.007","article-title":"Quiste epidermoide renal: revisi\u00f3n de la literatura y reporte de caso","volume":"25","author":"Cabrales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urolog\u00eda Colombiana"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9086","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9086","article-title":"Intrarenal epidermoid cyst mimicking a cystic renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Khorraminejad-Shirazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-009-2168-0","article-title":"Epidermoid cyst of the kidney: a rare cause of recurrent renal colic","volume":"49","author":"Bauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.09.160","article-title":"Bosniak classification for complex renal cysts reevaluated: a systematic review","volume":"198","author":"Schoots","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"728","article-title":"Intrarenal epidermoid cyst presented as an enlarged multicystic kidney","volume":"21","author":"Abdou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02387515","article-title":"Intrarenal epidermoid cyst","volume":"16","author":"Duprat","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2012.16.4.205","article-title":"Atypical epidermoid cyst in renal pelvis and histogenetic implications","volume":"16","author":"Go","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E134","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.229007","article-title":"Imaging manifestations of genitourinary tuberculosis","volume":"42","author":"Naeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2022.01.013","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis","volume":"364","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076141","article-title":"Mature cystic teratoma: an integrated review","volume":"24","author":"Cong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2014.14286","article-title":"Endovascular management of iatrogenic renal arterial lesions and clinical outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Guneyli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1632764\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T05:20:39Z","timestamp":1753161639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1632764\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1632764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1632764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"article-number":"1632764"}}