{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T14:14:28Z","timestamp":1754144068246,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs), a severe yet infrequent ocular vascular pathology, becomes particularly uncommon when it coexists with paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). We report a rare instance involving a middle-aged male who experienced an occlusion of the posterior ciliary short artery alongside paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). A 48-year-old male patient presented with a sudden loss of vision in the upper left visual field and a slight decrease in visual acuity. Multimodal imaging, including scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) imaging, revealed a \u201ctongue-shaped\u201d region of normal retina with mild retinal edema both above and below the optic disk. Fluorescein angiography (FA) exhibited minor delays in arterial perfusion and venous reflux, and a \u201ctongue-shaped\u201d area of normal retina was observed, with delayed hypofluorescence in the retinal areas above and below the optic disk, coupled with diminished choroidal background fluorescence, forming a \u201ctriangle\u201d that pointed toward the optic disk. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed retinal edema and hyperreflective bands within the inner nuclear layer and mild thickening of the inner retina. PAMM arises from inner retinal vascular lesions leading to macular hypoperfusion; however, its occurrence in the context of choroidal ischemic diseases is seldom documented. Consequently, this case provides novel perspectives on the retinal blood supply system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T05:25:10Z","timestamp":1752557110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: A rare presentation of short posterior ciliary artery occlusion with paracentral acute middle maculopathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dai","family":"Yuanmin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Jiehui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)73763-8","article-title":"Microvasculature of the human optic nerve","volume":"120","author":"Onda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"3858","article-title":"Quantitative morphology of human retrolaminar optic nerve vasculature","volume":"35","author":"Olver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.4.212","article-title":"The ophthalmic artery. III branches","volume":"46","author":"Hayreh","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4056","article-title":"Paracentral acute middle maculopathy: a new variant of acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with retinal capillary ischemia","volume":"131","author":"Sarraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0469","article-title":"Posterior ciliary artery circulation in health and disease: the Weisenfeld lecture","volume":"45","author":"Hayreh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.11.009","article-title":"Retinal ischemic cascade: new insights into the pathophysiology and imaging findings","volume":"68","author":"Abtahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"OP300-309","article-title":"Occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries","volume":"77","author":"Hayreh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31815c938f","article-title":"Anterior segment ischemia andretinochoroidal vascular occlusion after intralesional steroid injection","volume":"24","author":"Yagci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-008-0596-9","article-title":"Severe retinal atrophy due to retinal and choroidalvascular occlusion following triamcinolone injection into the nasal mucosa","volume":"52","author":"Hirata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01148-5","article-title":"Retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) as potential biomarkers for systemic vascular diseases: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Limoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/vision9010019","article-title":"Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in ocular vascular diseases-what we know and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Fumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vision"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.01.001","article-title":"Retinal capillary perfusion: spatial and temporal heterogeneity","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105653","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/105653","article-title":"A case of incomplete central retinal artery occlusion associated with short posterior ciliary artery occlusion","volume":"2013","author":"Makino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2023.101823","article-title":"Combined central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery occlusion: localizing the lesion","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1305421","article-title":"Case report of bilateral diffuse Chorioretinopathy with paracentral acute middle maculopathy and review of the literature","volume":"26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680590968448","article-title":"Sphincter activity in retinal arterioles feeding the deeper capillary layer in pig","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638909\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T05:25:11Z","timestamp":1752557111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638909\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638909","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-858X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"article-number":"1638909"}}