{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:17:10Z","timestamp":1787026630613,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelets are essential to primary hemostasis, and defects in their number or function can lead to clinically significant bleeding or thrombosis. Acquired platelet disorders are far more common than the inherited forms and arise in a wide range of settings, including drug exposure, autoimmune, systemic, and critical illnesses. This review examines current understanding of the mechanisms driving acquired platelet dysfunction and outlines the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that are shaping contemporary standards of care. Drug-related and immune-mediated platelet defects remain the most recognized causes in clinical practice. Nevertheless, increasing evidence points to inflammation, particularly the profound dysregulation seen in sepsis, as a major contributor to abnormal platelet behavior. Although sepsis-associated platelet defects are frequent in practice and correlate with organ injury and adverse outcomes, they are rarely acknowledged in traditional frameworks of \u201cacquired platelet disorders,\u201d which tend to focus on classic hematologic and pharmacologic causes. This review summarizes current evidence on acquired platelet disorders and emphasizes the clinical and pathophysiologic relevance of sepsis-induced platelet dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T06:31:35Z","timestamp":1762842695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acquired platelet disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rahaf Mahmoud","family":"Altahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(16)30371-1","article-title":"Acquired platelet disorders","volume":"141","author":"Casari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(67)91658-3","article-title":"Impaired platelet-connective-tissue reaction in man after aspirin ingestion","volume":"2","author":"Weiss","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2011.1.391","article-title":"Acquired disorders of platelet function","volume":"2011","author":"Konkle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.101.10.1206","article-title":"Aspirin","volume":"101","author":"Awtry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5_supplement.470s","article-title":"Platelet-active drugs: the relationships among dose, effectiveness, and side effects","volume":"114","author":"Patrono","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2004.11.002","article-title":"Duration of increased bleeding tendency after cessation of aspirin therapy","volume":"200","author":"Cahill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e031855","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031855","article-title":"Critical analysis of thrombocytopenia associated with glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors and potential role of Zalunfiban, a novel small molecule glycoprotein inhibitor, in understanding the mechanism(s)","volume":"12","author":"Rikken","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805819","article-title":"Effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events and bleeding in the healthy elderly","volume":"379","author":"McNeil","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328881","article-title":"Drugs that affect platelet function","volume":"38","author":"Scharf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2022.12.001","article-title":"Cyclooxygenases and platelet functions","volume":"97","author":"Bruno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.491s","article-title":"Health-promoting properties of common herbs","volume":"70","author":"Craig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-025-00696-x","article-title":"The mechanisms of efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in acute ischemic stroke: a real-world study","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549089","article-title":"The influence of herbal medicine on platelet function and coagulation: a narrative review","volume":"41","author":"McEwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90747-5","article-title":"The effect of ethanol on hemostatic properties of human blood platelets","volume":"56","author":"Haut","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(84)90149-X","article-title":"Ethanol inhibits platelet thromboxane A2 production but has no effect on lung prostacyclin synthesis in humans","volume":"33","author":"Toivanen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(96)06228-6","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on platelet functions","volume":"246","author":"Renaud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.03.001","article-title":"Platelets in alcohol-associated liver disease: interaction with neutrophils","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01379.x","article-title":"Ethanol exposure results in a transient decrease in human platelet cAMP levels: evidence for a protein kinase C mediated process","volume":"16","author":"DePetrillo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1309\/113N8EUFXYUECCNA","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on hemostasis","volume":"123","author":"Salem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000215801","article-title":"Platelet thromboxane formation capacity after ethanol withdrawal in chronic alcoholics","volume":"18","author":"Hillbom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3701.096067","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and hemostatic factors: analysis of the Framingham offspring cohort","volume":"104","author":"Mukamal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2020.02.166","article-title":"Alcohol-induced thrombocytopenia: current review","volume":"86","author":"Silczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13295","article-title":"Ethanol induces platelet apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13317","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Peck-Radosavljevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13283","article-title":"Platelet counts and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men","volume":"41","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113235","article-title":"Platelets in ITP: victims in charge of their own fate?","volume":"10","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1810479","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"381","author":"Cooper","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14227","article-title":"Risk factors for bleeding, including platelet count threshold, in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults","volume":"16","author":"Piel-Julian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12813","article-title":"Severe bleeding events in adults and children with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Neunert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24234","article-title":"Is ITP a thrombophilic disorder?","volume":"91","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2024.102342","article-title":"Thrombosis in patients with immune thrombocytopenia: incidence, risk, and clinical outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Goncalves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123386","article-title":"Platelet activation mechanisms and consequences of immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20396","article-title":"A new case of acquired Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: diagnostic value of flow cytometry","volume":"74","author":"Giannini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0896","article-title":"Anti-GPVI-associated ITP: an acquired platelet disorder caused by autoantibody-mediated clearance of the GPVI\/FcRgamma-chain complex from the human platelet surface","volume":"104","author":"Boylan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14722","article-title":"Acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia associated with platelet desialylation","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2025.102727","article-title":"Acquired Bernard-Soulier-like syndrome due to a plasma-based inhibitor treated successfully with rituximab","volume":"9","author":"Banaszak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339700600510","article-title":"Risk for venous thrombosis related to antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus--a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334859","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2024.1334859","article-title":"Prevalence of concomitant rheumatologic diseases and autoantibody specificities among racial and ethnic groups in SLE patients","volume":"4","author":"Denvir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224609","article-title":"2023 ACR\/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria","volume":"82","author":"Barbhaiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42624","article-title":"The 2023 ACR\/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria","volume":"75","author":"Barbhaiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.118","article-title":"Platelets: active players in the pathogenesis of arthritis and SLE","volume":"8","author":"Boilard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.012","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis: all roads lead to platelets","volume":"17","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E153","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160142","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathies: a general approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"189","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-009-0476-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"91","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030536","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"10","author":"Sukumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2108739","article-title":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome","volume":"389","author":"Freedman","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2024000543","article-title":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: diagnosis, management, and discontinuation of therapy","volume":"2024","author":"Java","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.09.026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP): a review","volume":"166","author":"Abildgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-385855-9.00004-7","article-title":"Biochemistry of HELLP syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Benedetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.11.014","article-title":"Eculizumab for the treatment of preeclampsia\/HELLP syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Burwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2022.2026912","article-title":"The utility of platelet activation biomarkers in thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"33","author":"Al-Tamimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-636431","article-title":"Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"130","author":"Sadler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1729.x","article-title":"The reduction of large von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma in essential thrombocythaemia is related to the platelet count","volume":"93","author":"van Genderen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.100060","article-title":"Platelet function studies in myeloproliferative neoplasms patients with Calreticulin or JAK2 (V617F) mutation","volume":"7","author":"Guy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"511","article-title":"Acquired platelet disorders","volume-title":"Transfusion medicine and hemostasis clinical and laboratory aspects","author":"Altahan","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01373","article-title":"Platelets as mediators of Thromboinflammation in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"10","author":"Marin Oyarzun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"159","article-title":"Platelet ultrastructural and functional studies in myelodysplasia","volume":"26","author":"Blockmans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Haematologia (Budap)"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982798","article-title":"Platelet dysfunction in myelodysplastic syndromes: a clinicopathological study","volume":"76","author":"Manoharan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13595","article-title":"The incidence of thrombocytopenia in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumors or hematologic malignancies","volume":"106","author":"Shaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010118","article-title":"Platelet defects in acute myeloid leukemia-potential for hemorrhagic events","volume":"11","author":"Bumbea","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2017.12.010","article-title":"Megakaryocyte-derived excessive transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits proliferation of normal hematopoietic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"60","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp030076","article-title":"Hematopoietic growth factors and the future of therapeutic research on acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"349","author":"Schiffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14425","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pediatric acute leukemia: prevalence, laboratory features, and prognostic significance of ISTH score","volume":"47","author":"Al-Khalaila","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729471","article-title":"Immature platelet fraction: its clinical utility in thrombocytopenia patients","volume":"13","author":"Goel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37699-z","article-title":"Excessive serine from the bone marrow microenvironment impairs megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in multiple myeloma","volume":"14","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2013068","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2013.068","article-title":"Autoimmune cytopenias in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, facts and myths","volume":"5","author":"Tandra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-017-0366-1","article-title":"A concise review of autoimmune Cytopenias in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Tsang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26796","article-title":"Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management","volume":"98","author":"Gertz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21658","article-title":"The effect of paraprotein on platelet aggregation","volume":"28","author":"Djunic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000345418","article-title":"Specific binding of paraprotein to platelet receptors as a cause of platelet dysfunction in monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"130","author":"Djunic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014190","article-title":"Patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia have impaired platelet and coagulation function","volume":"8","author":"Brysland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21603","article-title":"Systemic AL amyloidosis with acquired factor X deficiency: a study of perioperative bleeding risk and treatment outcomes in 60 patients","volume":"85","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.6.1885","article-title":"Acquired factor X deficiency in patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: incidence, bleeding manifestations, and response to high-dose chemotherapy","volume":"97","author":"Choufani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"388","article-title":"Hemostatic complications associated with paraproteinemias","volume":"2","author":"Eby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03026.x","article-title":"Role of elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin G and hypersplenism in thrombocytopenia of chronic liver diseases","volume":"18","author":"Sanjo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.06.009","article-title":"Acquired platelet function disorders","volume":"196","author":"Brennan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.004","article-title":"Haemostatic alterations and management of haemostasis in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"76","author":"Lisman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21231","article-title":"Elevated levels of von Willebrand factor in cirrhosis support platelet adhesion despite reduced functional capacity","volume":"44","author":"Lisman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03674.x","article-title":"Review article: blood platelet number and function in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis","volume":"27","author":"Witters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2555","article-title":"Splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Bolognesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2024.03.017","article-title":"Comprehensive investigation of platelet function in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"237","author":"Lecchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90859-W","article-title":"Evidence for a storage pool defect in platelets from cirrhotic patients with defective aggregation","volume":"103","author":"Laffi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322733","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2024.2322733","article-title":"The bile acid receptor TGR5 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation","volume":"35","author":"Reusswig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-261891","article-title":"Rebalanced hemostasis in patients with liver disease: evidence and clinical consequences","volume":"116","author":"Lisman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01313579","article-title":"Bleeding after liver biopsy does not correlate with indices of peripheral coagulation","volume":"26","author":"Ewe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21266","article-title":"Thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis: the role of platelets","volume":"44","author":"Tripodi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"359","article-title":"Uremic platelet dysfunction: past and present","volume":"4","author":"Escolar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg185","article-title":"Impaired expression of glycoproteins on resting and stimulated platelets in uraemic patients","volume":"18","author":"Moal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914724","article-title":"Platelets in renal disease","volume":"24","author":"Gomchok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2012.1.168","article-title":"Hemostatic defects in liver and renal dysfunction","volume":"2012","author":"Mannucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13911","article-title":"Inflammation and thrombosis: roles of neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells and their interactions in thrombus formation during sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Iba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-0492-1-9","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in adult patients with sepsis: incidence, risk factors, and its association with clinical outcome","volume":"1","author":"Venkata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01687","article-title":"Platelets in Sepsis: An update on experimental models and clinical data","volume":"10","author":"Assinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.10.039","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia after cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality","volume":"110","author":"Griffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001432","article-title":"Management of Adult Patients Supported with Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO): guideline from the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO)","volume":"67","author":"Tonna","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2019.05.005","article-title":"Anti-platelet role of Korean ginseng and ginsenosides in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"44","author":"Irfan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002963","article-title":"Management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"4","author":"Morgan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22172","article-title":"Ultrastructural characterization of surface-induced platelet activation on artificial materials by transmission electron microscopy","volume":"76","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14216","article-title":"Evaluation of a diagnostic platelet aggregation test strategy for platelet rich plasma samples with low platelet counts","volume":"46","author":"Altahan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12332","article-title":"Utility of the ISTH bleeding assessment tool in predicting platelet defects in participants with suspected inherited platelet function disorders","volume":"11","author":"Lowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040594","article-title":"Pseudothrombocytopenia-a review on causes, occurrence and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Lardinois","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-564328","article-title":"Platelet diameters in inherited thrombocytopenias: analysis of 376 patients with all known disorders","volume":"124","author":"Noris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24620","article-title":"Clinical utility of closure times using the platelet function analyzer-100\/200","volume":"92","author":"Favaloro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.07.006","article-title":"Consensus report on flow cytometry for platelet function testing in thrombocytopenic patients: communication from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"21","author":"Jourdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.3.JNS2487","article-title":"Defining light transmission aggregometry cutoff values for clopidogrel and aspirin resistance in flow diversion treatment of intracranial aneurysms","volume":"141","author":"Enriquez-Marulanda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPYMFXZNSNRZ55","article-title":"Results of an external proficiency testing exercise on platelet dense-granule deficiency testing by whole mount electron microscopy","volume":"131","author":"Hayward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.11.019","article-title":"Methods for the measurement of platelet function","volume":"103","author":"Michelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2384-1","article-title":"Desmopressin improves platelet function in uremic patients taking antiplatelet agents who require emergent invasive procedures","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1589","article-title":"Platelet transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB","volume":"162","author":"Kaufman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.02.013","article-title":"Use of prasugrel vs clopidogrel and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in contemporary clinical practice: results from the PROMETHEUS study","volume":"188","author":"Baber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-018-1117-1","article-title":"A practical guide on how to handle patients with bleeding events while on oral antithrombotic treatment","volume":"26","author":"Gimbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13345","article-title":"Topical tranexamic acid compared with anterior nasal packing for treatment of epistaxis in patients taking antiplatelet drugs: randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Zahed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31033-X","article-title":"Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial","volume":"391","author":"Sprigg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072318","article-title":"Management of bleeding events associated with antiplatelet therapy: evidence, uncertainties and pitfalls","volume":"9","author":"Godier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.006","article-title":"Impact of platelet transfusion on Intracerebral hemorrhage in patients on antiplatelet therapy-An analysis based on Intracerebral hemorrhage score","volume":"111","author":"Arnone","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901778","article-title":"Antibody-based Ticagrelor reversal agent in healthy volunteers","volume":"380","author":"Bhatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"EVIDoa2100047","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100047","article-title":"Bentracimab for ticagrelor reversal in patients undergoing urgent surgery","volume":"1","author":"Bhatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2018.10.004","article-title":"Management of antiplatelet therapy for non elective invasive procedures of bleeding complications: proposals from the French working group on perioperative haemostasis (GIHP), in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR)","volume":"38","author":"Godier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2017.12.012","article-title":"Management of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing elective invasive procedures. Proposals from the French working group on perioperative haemostasis (GIHP) and the French study group on thrombosis and haemostasis (GFHT). In collaboration with the French Society for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR)","volume":"37","author":"Godier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012541","article-title":"The 2022 review of the 2019 American Society of Hematology guidelines on immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"8","author":"Neunert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25125","article-title":"Fostamatinib for the treatment of adult persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: results of two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"93","author":"Bussel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027336","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rilzabrutinib vs placebo in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: the phase 3 LUNA3 study","volume":"145","author":"Kuter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.03.004","article-title":"Acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia: from antibodies to anti-platelet drugs","volume":"36","author":"Nurden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15045","article-title":"Treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura without plasma exchange in selected patients under caplacizumab","volume":"18","author":"Volker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15010","article-title":"ISTH guidelines for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2025.06.002","article-title":"2025 focused update of the 2020 ISTH guidelines for management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314793","article-title":"Recombinant ADAMTS13 in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"390","author":"Scully","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-119","article-title":"Management of hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-8","article-title":"The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A review","volume":"9","author":"Haram","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG practice bulletin, number 222","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646478","article-title":"Treatment of uremic anemia with recombinant erythropoietin also reduces the defects in platelet adhesion and aggregation caused by uremic plasma","volume":"66","author":"Zwaginga","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19180","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: third edition","volume":"204","author":"Arachchillage","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200408000-00017","article-title":"Cilostazol and dipyridamole synergistically inhibit human platelet aggregation","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01062.x","article-title":"Effect of antisecretory drugs and nitrates on the risk of ulcer bleeding associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants","volume":"102","author":"Lanas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12522","article-title":"Hemostatic effects of bortezomib treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"93","author":"Zangari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01429.x","article-title":"Valproate-induced thrombocytopenia: a prospective monotherapy study","volume":"49","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.09.019","article-title":"Aged garlic extract inhibits platelet activation by increasing intracellular cAMP and reducing the interaction of GPIIb\/IIIa receptor with fibrinogen","volume":"91","author":"Allison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(97)90587-1","article-title":"Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) on blood lipids, blood sugar and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"56","author":"Bordia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2019.100316","article-title":"Effect of daily ginger consumption on platelet aggregation","volume":"20","author":"AlAskar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Herbal Med"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141119","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141119","article-title":"The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: a systematic literature review","volume":"10","author":"Marx","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233864","article-title":"Green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate reduced platelet aggregation and improved anticoagulant proteins in patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Petiwathayakorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.1365","article-title":"Platelet anti-aggregation activities of compounds from Cinnamomum cassia","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i4.606","article-title":"Abnormal function of platelets and role of angelica sinensis in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3109\/09537100903528269","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits GPVI-mediated platelet activation by interfering with the kinase activity of Syk and the subsequent activation of PLCgamma2","volume":"21","author":"Mayanglambam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2021.09.003","article-title":"Panax ginseng: inflammation, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and atherosclerosis crosstalk","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04112-7","article-title":"Panax quinquefolius saponins combined with dual antiplatelet therapy enhanced platelet inhibition with alleviated gastric injury via regulating eicosanoids metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12000","article-title":"Effect of salicis cortex extract on human platelet aggregation","volume":"67","author":"Krivoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657247","article-title":"Inhibition of human and rat platelet aggregation by extracts of Mo-er (Auricularia auricula)","volume":"48","author":"Agarwal","year":"1982","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000131505.03006.74","article-title":"The procoagulatory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human platelets","volume":"99","author":"Deusch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06345.x","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation","volume":"41","author":"Formukong","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12260","article-title":"Long-term treatment with romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia: safety and efficacy","volume":"161","author":"Kuter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(18)30016-4","article-title":"Long-term follow-up for up to 5 years on the risk of leukaemic progression in thrombocytopenic patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with romiplostim or placebo in a randomised double-blind trial","volume":"5","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28663","article-title":"Results of a randomized, double-blind study of romiplostim versus placebo in patients with low\/intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia","volume":"120","author":"Giagounidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009883","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009883.pub2","article-title":"Thrombopoietin mimetics for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"9","author":"Dodillet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582686","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.582686","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Eltrombopag and Romiplostim in myelodysplastic syndromes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002625","article-title":"Romiplostim or standard of care in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"363","author":"Kuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00279-8","article-title":"Romiplostim in children with immune thrombocytopenia: a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"388","author":"Tarantino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073275","article-title":"Eltrombopag for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"357","author":"Bussel","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61107-2","article-title":"Eltrombopag for children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (PETIT2): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"386","author":"Grainger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0009","article-title":"NCCN guidelines(R) insights: myelodysplastic syndromes, version 3.2022","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.012","article-title":"Eltrombopag increases platelet numbers in thrombocytopenic patients with HCV infection and cirrhosis, allowing for effective antiviral therapy","volume":"146","author":"Afdhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.025","article-title":"Avatrombopag before procedures reduces need for platelet transfusion in patients with chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia","volume":"155","author":"Terrault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30561","article-title":"Lusutrombopag for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing invasive procedures (L-PLUS 2)","volume":"70","author":"Peck-Radosavljevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638994\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T06:31:37Z","timestamp":1762842697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638994\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":163,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1638994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"article-number":"1638994"}}