{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:05:00Z","timestamp":1773853500689,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas and may lead to infertility, visual field defects, and neurological impairment. Pregnancy poses unique challenges to women with macroprolactinomas due to the potential for tumor enlargement under the influence of gestational hormonal changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who conceived through\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF) and presented at 38\u202f+\u202f3\u202fweeks of gestation with new-onset diplopia. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 29-mm hemorrhagic macroprolactinoma causing compression of the optic chiasm. The tumor had previously been asymptomatic and untreated. Management was undertaken by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists. An elective cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia with careful attention to intracranial pressure control and hemodynamic stability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delivery was uneventful, with no perioperative neurological or anesthetic complications. The patient was discharged in good general condition and commenced long-term dopamine agonist therapy, with planned close endocrinological and neurosurgical follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, individualized management, and multidisciplinary coordination in pregnant women with macroprolactinomas. Dopamine agonists remain the cornerstone of therapy and are generally safe during early pregnancy. Meticulous anesthetic planning is essential to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1651834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T06:33:10Z","timestamp":1762842790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Management of a pregnancy complicated by a symptomatic macroprolactinoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Topis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Christodoulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Riga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Arkoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Karampitsakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Sidiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Drakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Potiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofoklis","family":"Stavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.011","article-title":"Prolactinoma 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Metab"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-112861","article-title":"Pregnancy and tumor outcomes in women with prolactinoma","volume":"125","author":"Araujo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.10.027","article-title":"Impact of maternal brain tumours on perinatal and maternal management and outcome: a single referral Centre retrospective study","volume":"183","author":"Girault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.6.784","article-title":"Management of labour and delivery in patients with intracranial neoplasms","volume":"67","author":"Finfer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J 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Notes"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0462","article-title":"ESE clinical practice guideline on functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in pregnancy","volume":"185","author":"Luger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15304","article-title":"Safety of cabergoline for prolactinoma in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2464","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2464","article-title":"Cabergoline use and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Otis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00886-5","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a pituitary society international consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Petersenn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2018.02.002","article-title":"Management of pituitary tumors during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"1","author":"Glezer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocr Metab Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2010.04.006.","article-title":"Anaesthetic management of a patient with pituitary adenoma for caesarean section","volume":"19","author":"Dyamanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12360","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012360","article-title":"Neurosurgical anesthesia for a pregnant woman with macroprolactinoma: a case 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