{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:45:09Z","timestamp":1776692709961,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered ovarian lipid metabolism plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to evaluate and compare ovarian lipid metabolic profiles in PCOS patients and healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-MRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a single-center prospective study. Single-voxel <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-MRS was used to identify the lipid metabolism in 50 PCOS patients and 40 healthy controls (training cohort). A total of 34 PCOS patients and 39 controls underwent <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-MRS on the contralateral ovaries (test cohort). Key lipid metabolites were identified and quantified using LCModel software. A combination of these key lipids using the binary logistic regression analysis was constructed to enhance the discrimination efficiency between PCOS patients and the controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant elevations were observed in lipid metabolites MM09\u202f+\u202fLip09, MM14\u202f+\u202fLip13a\u202f+\u202fLip13b\u202f+\u202fMM12, MM21\u202f+\u202fLip21, Lip23, and Lip28 (e.g., MM09, macromolecule signal at 0.9\u202fppm; Lip09, lipid signal at 0.9\u202fppm) in PCOS patients compared to controls. The combination model of key lipids achieved an AUC of 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83\u20130.95], with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.76, 0.95, 0.95, and 0.76, respectively, in the training cohort, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80\u20130.95), 0.76, 0.87, 0.84, and 0.81, respectively, in the test cohort. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement of fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid synthesis, lipid signaling, and membrane organization pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study highlights significant lipid metabolic disruptions in PCOS. Lip23 and Lip28 emerged as potential biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis. These findings enhance the understanding of PCOS pathophysiology and provide a foundation for future targeted therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1652954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:42:20Z","timestamp":1760506940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ovarian lipid metabolic alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ke-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Rong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Wei","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.24","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-025-04818-x","article-title":"Three-dimensional MRI follicle segmentation and counting using SegmentWithSAM in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043140","article-title":"Insulin metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: secretion, signaling, and clearance","volume":"24","author":"Herman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0800","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke","volume":"70","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1730794","article-title":"The polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancer risk","volume":"36","author":"Meczekalski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-021-00885-y","article-title":"Lipidomics analysis of human follicular fluid form normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Ban","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.126","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome reveals interactions with abdominal obesity","volume":"41","author":"Couto Alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638727","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.638727","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of pregnancies with polycystic ovary syndrome identifies a unique metabolic signature and potential predictive biomarkers of low birth weight","volume":"12","author":"Diboun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777224","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.777224","article-title":"Raman spectrum of follicular fluid: a potential biomarker for oocyte developmental competence in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1039\/b910205a","article-title":"High-throughput serum NMR metabonomics for cost-effective holistic studies on systemic metabolism","volume":"134","author":"Soininen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1039\/c6mb00420b","article-title":"Serum metabolomics of Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome using 1H NMR coupled with a pattern recognition approach","volume":"12","author":"RoyChoudhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol BioSyst"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01487-9","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid-butyric acid ameliorates granulosa cells inflammation through regulating METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of FOSL2 in polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077590","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1077590","article-title":"Serum fatty acid profiles associated with metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16596","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.186916","article-title":"Differential regulation of dihydroceramide desaturase by palmitate versus monounsaturated fatty acids: implications for insulin resistance","volume":"286","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2022.551310.1284","article-title":"Fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome are associated with genes related to steroidogenesis: a case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Emami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236941","article-title":"Global transcriptional profiling of granulosa cells from polycystic ovary syndrome patients: comparative analyses of patients with or without history of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome reveals distinct biomarkers and pathways","volume":"11","author":"Daghestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0346-x","article-title":"Effectiveness of Omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6362","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30309","article-title":"Methylome and transcriptome profiling revealed epigenetic silencing of LPCAT1 and PCYT1A associated with lipidome alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"236","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00970-x","article-title":"Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility, altered adipogenic gene expression, and total versus de novo fatty acid synthesis in subcutaneous adipose stem cells of normal-weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women during adipogenesis: evidence of cellular programming","volume":"12","author":"Leung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-022-01091-0","article-title":"Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.027","article-title":"Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Wild","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1652954\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:42:21Z","timestamp":1760506941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1652954\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1652954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1652954","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"article-number":"1652954"}}