{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1777977933094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01GM2207A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GM2207A"]}]},{"name":"BMBF MyPred","award":["01GM2207B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GM2207B"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZVS-2019092402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZVS-2019092402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RUNX1-familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy (RUNX1-FPDMM) is caused by heterozygous germline variants of\n                      <jats:italic>RUNX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      . With the broader application of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panel analysis in individuals presenting with benign hematologic abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia, pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>RUNX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants were more frequently identified, independent of a hematologic malignancy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of individuals with pathogenic germline\n                      <jats:italic>RUNX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants, with a particular focus on platelet function and diagnostic challenges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed 10 individuals from 6 families with genetically confirmed RUNX1-FPDMM. Platelet counts and function were evaluated using light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and flow cytometry (FC). For genetic analysis, NGS-based panel sequencing for inherited platelet disorders, Sanger sequencing, karyotyping, fluorescence\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      hybridization (FISH), and microarray analysis were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Platelet counts ranged between 40 and 208\u202fG\/L. In all six tested individuals, LTA revealed impaired aggregation in response to collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and epinephrine. FC analysis identified a pronounced granule secretion defect in three of the eight tested individuals. Disease-causing\n                      <jats:italic>RUNX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants included whole-gene or intragenic deletions, one missense, two not previously reported non-sense variants, and a mosaic\n                      <jats:italic>RUNX1<\/jats:italic>\n                      loss most probably due to the loss of a derivative chromosome 21. One patient has developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and another was diagnosed with RUNX1-FPDMM due to thrombocytopenia onset following T-lymphoblastic lymphoma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RUNX1-FPDMM is a challenging disease due to its associated increased risk for hematologic malignancies, mainly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or AML. Genetic diagnosis in individuals with thrombocytopenia or functional platelet defects of unknown origin is crucial to offer structured surveillance and patient education. Increased risk of bleeding due to qualitative platelet function defects, particularly granule secretion abnormalities, must be considered when managing patients, especially prior to invasive procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1765454636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RUNX1-FPDMM in families with mild thrombocytopenia and platelet function anomalies: a case series"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Glonnegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Boeckelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Wiedenh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolf-Achim","family":"Hassenpflug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Ripperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Lebrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Kn\u00f6fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Tiebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Wehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Sirb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sparber-Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Reinsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayami","family":"Yoshimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Strahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094521","article-title":"Inherited platelet disorders: an updated overview","volume":"22","author":"Palma-Barqueros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14479","article-title":"Curated disease-causing genes for bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders: communication from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"17","author":"Megy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1665-6249","article-title":"Pathogenic aspects of inherited platelet disorders","volume":"41","author":"Boeckelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017735","article-title":"Hereditary platelet disorders associated with germ line variants in RUNX1, ETV6, and ANKRD26","volume":"141","author":"Homan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019852418","article-title":"ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition","volume":"134","author":"Di Paola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-022-00666-4","article-title":"ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia and predisposition to myeloid neoplasms","volume":"17","author":"Sullivan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/13793","article-title":"Haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes familial thrombocytopenia with propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Deuitch","year":""},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0432-0","article-title":"Haematological spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in nine unrelated families with RUNX1 mutations from the French network on inherited platelet disorders","volume":"11","author":"Latger-Cannard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-749366","article-title":"Platelet CD34 expression and \u03b1\/\u03b4-granule abnormalities in GFI1B- and RUNX1-related familial bleeding disorders","volume":"129","author":"Marneth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.278762","article-title":"The RUNX1 database (RUNX1db): establishment of an expert curated RUNX1 registry and genomics database as a public resource for familial platelet disorder with myeloid malignancy","volume":"106","author":"Homan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023019746","article-title":"Natural history study of patients with familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy","volume":"142","author":"Cunningham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000901","article-title":"RUNX1-mutated families show phenotype heterogeneity and a somatic mutation profile unique to germline predisposed AML","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000644","article-title":"ClinGen myeloid malignancy variant curation expert panel recommendations for germline RUNX1 variants","volume":"3","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70057","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70057","article-title":"Disease characteristics and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in germline RUNX1 deficiency (familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancy)","volume":"9","author":"Ernst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hema"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"3431","article-title":"Beyond pathogenic RUNX1 germline variants: the spectrum of somatic alterations in RUNX1-familial platelet disorder with predisposition to hematologic malignancies","volume-title":"Cancers (Basel)","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":""},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.167726","article-title":"Bone marrow pathologic abnormalities in familial platelet disorder with propensity for myeloid malignancy and germline RUNX1 mutation","volume":"102","author":"Kanagal-Shamanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003304","article-title":"Accurate germline RUNX1 variant interpretation and its clinical significance","volume":"4","author":"Feurstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.278","article-title":"Clinical utility gene card for: familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies","volume":"24","author":"Ripperger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-12-0339","article-title":"Sustained integrin ligation involves extracellular free sulfhydryls and enzymatically catalyzed disulfide exchange","volume":"100","author":"Lahav","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref21","author":"Streif","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.30","article-title":"Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology","volume":"17","author":"Richards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"ClinGen myeloid malignancy expert panel specifications to the ACMG\/AMP variant interpretation guidelines (Version 2)","volume-title":"Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen)","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12503","article-title":"Normal range of bleeding scores for the ISTH-BAT: adult and pediatric data from the merging project","volume":"20","author":"Elbatarny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6310","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-12-325555","article-title":"Down-regulation of the RUNX1-target gene NR4A3 contributes to hematopoiesis deregulation in familial platelet disorder\/acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"118","author":"Bluteau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000494645","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia due to mosaic ring 21 with loss of RUNX1: cytogenetic and molecular characterization","volume":"9","author":"Vormittag-Nocito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Syndromol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37870","article-title":"Braddock-Carey syndrome: a 21q22 contiguous gene syndrome encompassing RUNX1","volume":"170","author":"Braddock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1742","article-title":"Inherited thrombocytopenia: when a low platelet count does not mean ITP","volume":"103","author":"Drachman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0752-x","article-title":"Spectrum of abnormalities and clonal transformation in germline RUNX1 familial platelet disorder and a genomic comparative analysis with somatic RUNX1 mutations in MDS\/MPN overlap neoplasms","volume":"34","author":"DiFilippo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003357","article-title":"High frequency of germline RUNX1 mutations in patients with RUNX1-mutated AML","volume":"135","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-687830","article-title":"Role of RUNX1 in hematological malignancies","volume":"129","author":"Sood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2016.01.006","article-title":"Constitutional abnormalities of chromosome 21 predispose to iAMP21-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"59","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1515-0813","article-title":"Diagnosing inherited platelet disorders: modalities and consequences","volume":"41","author":"Zaninetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0685","article-title":"Update on recommendations for surveillance for children with predisposition to hematopoietic malignancy","volume":"30","author":"Maese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1959","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1959","article-title":"Risk assessment and genetic counseling for hematologic malignancies-practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors","volume":"34","author":"Stewart","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14217","article-title":"Thrombopoietin receptor agonists in hereditary thrombocytopenias","volume":"16","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2023.104727","article-title":"European standard clinical practice \u2013 key issues for the medical care of individuals with familial leukemia","volume":"66","author":"F\u00f6rster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e321","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000321","article-title":"Nordic guidelines for germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasms in adults: recommendations for genetic diagnosis, clinical management and follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Baliakas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hema"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-023-03575-1","article-title":"Unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for familial platelet disorder\/acute myeloid leukemia with germline RUNX1 mutations","volume":"118","author":"Toratani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"ref40","author":"Streif","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657054\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:03:57Z","timestamp":1765454637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657054\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1657054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"article-number":"1657054"}}