{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:23:00Z","timestamp":1777998180973,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is a commonly performed surgical intervention for rotator cuff injuries. The advent of ultrasound guidance has facilitated the widespread adoption of nerve blocks as an adjunct anesthetic and analgesic strategy in the perioperative phase of ARCR, offering notable benefits in maintaining patients' intraoperative hemodynamic stability and reducing opioid consumption. Despite the minimally invasive nature of ARCR, a subset of patients still experiences substantial pain, encompassing both acute pain and rebound pain following nerve block. Post-nerve block rebound pain is characterized by severe and disabling discomfort, which adversely impacts the patient experience and postoperative recovery. The mechanism underlying rebound pain after nerve block may involve aberrant excitation of relevant nerve fibers, the pharmacology of local anesthetics, nerve injury, local inflammatory factors, surgical anesthesia, and patient-specific variability. The review suggests that the incidence of post-nerve block rebound pain can be reduced, and postoperative pain management outcomes following ARCR can be improved, through interventions such as continuous nerve block, combined peripheral nerve block, administration of local anesthetic adjuvants, multimodal analgesia, and patient education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1659133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:43:31Z","timestamp":1760507011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research progress of rebound pain after nerve block in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20377","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020377","article-title":"Acupuncture and manual therapy for rotator cuff tears: a protocol for systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"99","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2008.05.003","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment for rotator cuff injury in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2022.08.004","article-title":"Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a review of surgical techniques and outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Mancini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.01.019","article-title":"New technique for regional anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery based on a suprascapular nerve block and an axillary nerve block: an evaluation of the first results","volume":"24","author":"Checcucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20436","article-title":"Managing rebound pain after regional anesthesia","volume":"73","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Leyva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183257","article-title":"Does rebound pain after peripheral nerve block for orthopedic surgery impact postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption? A narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Dada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2006.10.011","article-title":"Rebound pain scores as a function of femoral nerve block duration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: retrospective analysis of a prospective, randomized clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.12025\/j.issn.1008-6358.2019.20190341","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of rebound pain following ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Med."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"295","article-title":"New progress in anesthesia for day surgery","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"West China Med J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2022.03.002","article-title":"Rebound pain after peripheral nerve blockade-bad timing or rude awakening?","volume":"40","author":"Stone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000651","article-title":"Rebound pain after regional anesthesia in the ambulatory patient","volume":"31","author":"Lavand'homme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000325","article-title":"Regional versus general anesthesia and the incidence of unplanned health care resource utilization for postoperative pain after wrist fracture surgery: results from a retrospective quality improvement project","volume":"4","author":"Sunderland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3182176f5a","article-title":"Transient heat hyperalgesia during resolution of ropivacaine sciatic nerve block in the rat","volume":"36","author":"Kolarczyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.05.017","article-title":"High spontaneous activity of C-nociceptors in painful polyneuropathy","volume":"153","author":"Kleggetveit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000745","article-title":"Effects of intraneural injection of dexmedetomidine in combination with ropivacaine in rat sciatic nerve block","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45316","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45316","article-title":"Neurotoxicity comparison of two types of local anaesthetics: amide-bupivacaine versus ester-procaine","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201500202","article-title":"iTRAQ proteomics analysis reveals that PI3K is highly associated with bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity pathways","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteomics."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000296474.79437.23","article-title":"The differential effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on prostaglandin E2 release, cyclooxygenase gene expression and pain in a clinical pain model","volume":"106","author":"Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318182c2a1","article-title":"Antiinflammatory effect of peripheral nerve blocks after knee surgery: clinical and biologic evaluation","volume":"109","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000125","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Etiology of nerve injury following peripheral nerve blockade [published correction appears in Reg Anesth Pain Med","volume":"40","author":"Brull","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0646-0","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus: normal and variant anatomy of its formation","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e598","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180815-04","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury following interscalene blocks: a systematic review to guide orthopedic surgeons","volume":"41","author":"Holbrook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14140","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury arising in anaesthesia practice","volume":"73","author":"Hewson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000458","article-title":"Peripheral nerve block facilitates acute inflammatory responses induced by surgical incision in mice","volume":"41","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-9852.2023.11.008","article-title":"Research progress on the role of neuro-immune communication in pain","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl6773","article-title":"Microglia-mediated degradation of perineuronal nets promotes pain","volume":"377","author":"Tansley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2022.01263","article-title":"Regional nerve blocks for relieving postoperative pain in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.10.035","article-title":"Factors associated with rebound pain after peripheral nerve block for ambulatory surgery","volume":"126","author":"Barry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.08.018","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative pain in the first three weeks after arthroscopic or open shoulder surgery","volume":"105","author":"de Boer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-9852.2024.06.009","article-title":"Research progress on rebound pain after peripheral nerve lock","volume":"30","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Pain Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4735-1","article-title":"Does brachial plexus blockade result in improved pain scores after distal radius fracture fixation? A randomized trial","volume":"474","author":"Galos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181aae87a","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"111","author":"Ip","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004000","article-title":"Postoperative pain and age: a retrospective cohort association study","volume":"135","author":"van Dijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025091","article-title":"Preoperative predictors of poor acute postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.03.034","article-title":"Increased opioid consumption after regional nerve blockade: association of fascia iliaca block with rebound pain in neck of femur fracture","volume":"127","author":"Riley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaf023","article-title":"Preoperative management of patients with chronic moderate to severe shoulder pain to improve postoperative outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mill\u00e1n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000202","article-title":"Anatomy and physical examination of the shoulder","volume":"26","author":"Bakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i86","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq322","article-title":"Continuous peripheral nerve blocks in acute pain management","volume":"105","author":"Chelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000181289.09675.7D","article-title":"Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Richman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-020-00541-3","article-title":"A novel case of multiple variations in the brachial plexus with the middle trunk originating from the C7 and C8","volume":"95","author":"Kimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0703500418","article-title":"The shoulder block: a new alternative to interscalene brachial plexus blockade for the control of postoperative shoulder pain","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14796","article-title":"PROSPECT Working Group collaborators. PROSPECT guideline for rotator cuff repair surgery: systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations","volume":"74","author":"Toma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.02.048","article-title":"Interscalene brachial plexus bolus block versus patient-controlled interscalene indwelling catheter analgesia for the first 48 hours after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318272195d","article-title":"Respiratory impact of analgesic strategies for shoulder surgery","volume":"38","author":"Verelst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0237-3","article-title":"Refining the ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block: the superior trunk approach","volume":"61","author":"Burckett-St Laurent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002919","article-title":"Superior trunk block provides noninferior analgesia compared with interscalene brachial plexus block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery","volume":"131","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004691","article-title":"Comparison of the analgesic efficacy between arthroscopically placed continuous suprascapular nerve block and ultrasound-guided continuous superior trunk block: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2016.77.8.494","article-title":"Interscalene vs suprascapular nerve block for shoulder surgery","volume":"77","author":"Heron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967120970906","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120970906","article-title":"Suprascapular nerve block is an effective pain control method in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.015","article-title":"Peripheral nerve catheters: a critical review of the efficacy","volume":"33","author":"Hauritz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.21.00115","article-title":"Anesthesia in total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Boin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.07.025","article-title":"Perineural catheter infection: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Nicolotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-1950-5","article-title":"Analgesic effectiveness of nerve block in shoulder arthroscopy: comparison between interscalene, suprascapular and axillary nerve blocks","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.03.014","article-title":"Effect of ultrasonographically guided axillary nerve block combined with suprascapular nerve block in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106111","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of suprascapular nerve block combined with axillary nerve block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"94","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4198-7","article-title":"Effects of arthroscopy-guided suprascapular nerve block combined with ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.05.009","article-title":"Periarticular injection in addition to interscalene nerve block can decrease opioid consumption and pain following total shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Vijittrakarnrung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005640","article-title":"The facilitatory effects of adjuvant pharmaceutics to prolong the duration of local anesthetic for peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000254","article-title":"Addition of dexamethasone and buprenorphine to bupivacaine sciatic nerve block: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"YaDeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159216","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1159216","article-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to the ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve block in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-102795","article-title":"Perineural dexamethasone reduces rebound pain after ropivacaine single injection interscalene block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Woo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123409","article-title":"Is there a difference between perineural dexamethasone with single-shot interscalene block (SSIB) and interscalene indwelling catheter analgesia (IICA) for early pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S164225","article-title":"Efficacy of perineural dexamethasone with ropivacaine in thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia in elective thoracotomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e183","article-title":"Intravenous versus perineural dexamethasone for reducing rebound pain after interscalene brachial plexus block: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111657","article-title":"Rebound pain prevention after peripheral nerve block: a network meta-analysis comparing intravenous, perineural dexamethasone, and control","volume":"99","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05799-3","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine combined with interscalene brachial plexus block has a synergistic effect on relieving postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1267","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001267","article-title":"Efficacy of perineural dexmedetomidine in ultrasound-guided interscalene block on rebound pain after shoulder arthroscopy","volume":"41","author":"Huan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin J Pain."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.03.004","article-title":"Effect of ketamine added to ropivacaine in nerve block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized trial","volume":"42","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ther."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470205","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1470205","article-title":"Clinical value of esketamine combined with ropivacaine in rebound pain after brachial plexus block in patients with upper limb fractures","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Surg."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.043","article-title":"Evaluation of intraoperative ketamine on the prevention of severe rebound pain upon cessation of peripheral nerve block: a prospective randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"128","author":"Touil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-025-00271-w","article-title":"Perineural dexamethasone: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection? A systematic review of preclinical evidence","volume":"5","author":"De Cassai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anesth Analg Crit Care."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000671","article-title":"Preemptive, preventive, multimodal analgesia: what do they really mean?","volume":"134","author":"Rosero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.09.011","article-title":"Postoperative multimodal pain management and opioid consumption in arthroscopy clinical trials: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.07.029","article-title":"Rebound pain after arthroscopic cuff repair with interscalene brachial plexus block anesthesia is reduced by surgeon-administered multimodal shoulder injections: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2024.07.015","article-title":"The effect of patient education on pain level and fear of pain in orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"\u00c7ali\u015fkan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2154-18.2018","article-title":"Effects of positive and negative expectations on human pain perception engage separate but interrelated and dependently regulated cerebral mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Shih","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.132998","article-title":"The efficacy of relaxation training on stress, anxiety, and pain perception in hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Heidari Gorji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1659133\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T05:43:34Z","timestamp":1760507014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1659133\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1659133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1659133","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"article-number":"1659133"}}