{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:43:53Z","timestamp":1780523033332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Post-acne macular scars often cause skin discoloration, affecting appearance and self-confidence. To address this issue, various topical therapies have been developed. Broccoli (\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) is widely cultivated in North Sumatra. Broccoli stem, typically discarded as a byproduct, represents a sustainable resource that can be repurposed for skincare applications. Broccoli stem extract contains bioactive constituents, including sulforaphane and flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties suggest its potential role in improving post-acne macular scars.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To analyse the effects of 6% broccoli stem extract cream (\n                      <jats:italic>Brassica oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) on post-acne macular scars.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study included 30 male and female subjects aged \u226518\u202fyears with post-acne macular scars, selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline data, melanin index, and erythema index were assessed before and after applying 6% broccoli stem extract cream for 8\u202fweeks. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for data analysis, with statistical significance set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most subjects were women in the late adolescent age group (18\u201325\u202fyears). Statistically significant reductions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u202f0.001) were observed in both the melanin index and erythema index after 8\u202fweeks. Clinical improvement was evident, and no adverse effects were reported, highlighting the cream\u2019s safety for sensitive post-inflammatory skin. All subjects (100%) reported satisfaction with the cream.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of 6% broccoli stem extract cream effectively improved pigmentation and reduced melanin and erythema indices in post-acne macular scars. Its good tolerability and high patient satisfaction support its potential as a natural, safe alternative to conventional topical therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1680933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T05:13:01Z","timestamp":1763615581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of broccoli stem extract cream (Brassica oleracea L.) on macular scars post-acne"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fitriend","family":"Syahputri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imam Budi","family":"Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelva 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