{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:55:59Z","timestamp":1793451359862,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROEP\/IAM-005-FIO-22-2-51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROEP\/IAM-005-FIO-22-2-51"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310426\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310426\/2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IBPG-2281-2.10\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG-2281-2.10\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROEP\/IAM-005-FIO-22-2-51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROEP\/IAM-005-FIO-22-2-51"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In people living with HIV (PLWH), surveillance for\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection is crucial for identify those at risk of developing visceral leishmaniasis (VL).\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    -HIV coinfection worsens patient outcomes and increases mortality and relapse rates. We conducted a prospective study (2017\u20132023) in Northeast Brazil to assess the long-term outcomes of asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    -HIV coinfected outpatients and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania-<\/jats:italic>\n                    negative PLWH. Participants were drawn from a cross-sectional study performed in 2017, which identified both\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania-<\/jats:italic>\n                    HIV coinfected and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania-<\/jats:italic>\n                    negative PLWH. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from medical records (2017\u20132023). In 2023, these individuals were retested for\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    using serological tests and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, and non-parametric tests were used for quantitative variables. During follow-up, six individuals developed VL: five from the coinfected group and one from the non-coinfected PLWH group (OR 10.4; 95% CI 1.2\u201394.2;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.023). Three patients experienced relapse: one from the PLWH group and two from the coinfected group. There was one death in the\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania-<\/jats:italic>\n                    HIV group. In 2023, 80 patients were retested; five coinfected patients remained positive for VL by one or more tests, and two PLWH patients seroconverted for VL. Our findings underscore the critical need for long-term follow-up of asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    -HIV patients to mitigate disease progression and associated complications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1682423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T06:21:56Z","timestamp":1761546116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in people living with HIV: a long-term follow-up study in Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matheus Henrique Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego 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Freitas","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"dos Santos Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucyo Fl\u00e1vio Bezerra","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Ricarte","family":"de Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Gustavo","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Justo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulma Maria","family":"de 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