{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:14:57Z","timestamp":1767870897752,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The assessment and treatment of chronic pain rely heavily on patient self-report, making linguistically and culturally appropriate tools essential. However, no well-validated Arabic language measures of pain-related disability are widely available. The objective of this study was to create and validate a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) version of the Pain Disability Index (PDI). This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a pain management clinic in a tertiary care center in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The MSA PDI was developed using a forward\u2013backward translation protocol by a team of native Arabic speakers from diverse backgrounds, reviewed by a professional translation company, and pilot-tested with a small sample of patients. Participants completed the MSA PDI along with measures of depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), and current pain severity. A total of 423 Arabic-speaking adults participated (54.84%) women, mean age of 43.71\u202f\u00b1\u202f13.53, most of whom were UAE nationals (88.41%). The mean PDI score was 31.29 (\u00b117.64), indicating moderate pain-related disability. Over half of the sample met screening thresholds for moderate to severe pain (50.83%), depression (57.21%), or anxiety (38.77%). Factor analysis of the MSA PDI supported a unidimensional structure. The MSA PDI also demonstrated excellent internal consistency (\u03b1\u202f=\u202f.91). Construct validity was supported through a tiered multi-method approach (correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling), which showed moderate positive associations between pain severity, depression, anxiety, and pain-related disability. Overall, the MSA PDI showed strong psychometric properties and provides a reliable, standardized tool for assessing pain-related disability in Arabic-speaking populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1688744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:37:26Z","timestamp":1767854246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Modern Standard Arabic version of the pain disability index: translation, cross-cultural adaptation, psychometric, and validity data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Leanne","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehab W.","family":"Hermena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Francois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omeesha S.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalifa M.","family":"Almenhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wadhha J.","family":"Alobeidli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wadhha S.","family":"Almuntheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-770","article-title":"Pain as a global public health priority","volume":"11","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2019.12.24690","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain in Saudi Arabia","volume":"40","author":"Almalki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Med 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