{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:33:29Z","timestamp":1767335609782,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the self-management status of patients with SLE and identify the factors that influence it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, relapsing autoimmune disease that requires lifelong management. Effective self-management is crucial for reducing disease activity, economic burden, and improving quality of life. However, research on SLE-specific self-management tools and influencing factors remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2024, enrolling 370 SLE patients from three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province. Data were collected using validated scales, including self-management, self-efficacy, illness perception, coping styles, family support, and social support. Univariate analyses, correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2024, enrolling 370 SLE patients from three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province. Data were collected using validated scales, including self-management, self-efficacy, illness perception, coping styles, family support, and social support. Univariate analyses, correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression were performed. Multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factors (VIFs) and tolerance values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 370 SLE patients, the mean age was 38.16\u202f\u00b1\u202f12.81\u202fyears; the mean duration of illness was 4.65\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.18\u202fyears; Regarding disease activity, 134 SLE patients (36.2%) had no or minimal activity, 116 (31.4%) had mild activity, and 120 (32.4%) had moderate-to-high activity. The mean self-management score was 59.06\u202f\u00b1\u202f16.75, with sub-scores for medication being 9.91\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.45, disease surveillance (10.01\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.56), daily life (29.40\u202f\u00b1\u202f9.35), and reproductive health (9.74\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.84). The key influencing factors included disease activity, education level, marital status, self-efficacy, illness perception, coping styles, family support, and social support, explaining 52.4% of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tailored interventions should address SLE patients\u2019 unique needs by enhancing self-efficacy, optimizing illness perception, promoting positive coping, and strengthening social and family support. This approach can improve self-management, reduce disease burden, and enhance the quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1700387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:28:44Z","timestamp":1767335324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-management and related factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00774-8","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: an update on pathogenesis and future therapeutic directions","volume":"24","author":"Niebel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003297","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003297","article-title":"Systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Parodis","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD014816","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014816.pub2","article-title":"Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Frade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251325687","article-title":"Summary of best evidence on self-management in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51827-9","article-title":"Factors affecting patient activation among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24811","article-title":"Factors associated with the initiation and retention of patients with lupus in the chronic disease self-management program","volume":"75","author":"Falasinnu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24542","article-title":"Challenges of perceived self-management in lupus","volume":"74","author":"Fortin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759720X221086719","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221086719","article-title":"A glimpse into the future of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Aringer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25357","article-title":"Informing digital programs for lupus self-management education: a systematic scoping review","volume":"76","author":"Carpenter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044008","article-title":"Interventions to support behavioral self-Management of Chronic Diseases","volume":"40","author":"Allegrante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S444619","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus toward disease management and biologic therapy","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S521546","article-title":"The impact of self-management interventions on behavioral and clinical outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of empirical evidence from 2003-2024","volume":"19","author":"Hanrop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000482","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2021-000482","article-title":"The care-coordination approach to learning lupus self-management: a patient navigator intervention for systemic lupus inpatients","volume":"8","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.3761\/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.13.011","article-title":"Development and psychometric test of a self-management assessment scale for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"58","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Nurs"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2022.105567","article-title":"The level and influencing factors of graduating nursing students' professional commitment from the perspective of ecological systems theory: a cross-sectional study","volume":"119","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03661-z","article-title":"Risk factors of in-home unintentional injuries among 0-6-year-old children in Changsha city of China: a cross-sectional survey based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-023-01719-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a breastfeeding promotion intervention model based on society ecosystems theory for maternal women: a study protocol of randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2019.1561856","article-title":"Clinical SLEDAI-2K zero may be a pragmatic outcome measure in SLE studies","volume":"19","author":"Parodis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022658","article-title":"Effect size measures for mediation models: quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects","volume":"16","author":"Preacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103838","article-title":"Experiences and unmet needs of persons living with systemic lupus erythematosus in Europe: lupus Europe's 2024 Swiss knife survey","volume":"24","author":"Cornet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"256","article-title":"Effect of a self-management program on patients with chronic disease","volume":"4","author":"Lorig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eff Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020","article-title":"The brief illness perception questionnaire","volume":"60","author":"Broadbent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2024.102526","article-title":"Illness perception profile among cancer patients and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"69","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198711000-00007","article-title":"Coping strategies and associated features of medically ill patients","volume":"49","author":"Feifel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16009","article-title":"Exploring fear of cancer recurrence and related factors among breast cancer patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"303","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function","volume":"15","author":"Smilkstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2022.2032772","article-title":"The association between family function and sleep disturbances of preschool children in rural areas of China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00402-8","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression, anxiety, family functioning, social support and coping styles among Chinese medical students","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa684","article-title":"Desire to have children and preferences regarding to pre-pregnancy counselling in women with SLE","volume":"60","author":"Blomjous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032611","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches","volume":"74","author":"Lazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rkab029","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkab029","article-title":"Impaired hand function and performance in activities of daily living in systemic lupus erythematosus, even in patients achieving lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS)","volume":"5","author":"Keramiotou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04334-x","article-title":"Current status and influencing factors of self-management in knee joint discomfort among middle-aged and elderly people: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1770","article-title":"Quality of life and associated factors among community-dwelling adults with multimorbidity in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1097\/JNR.0000000000000422","article-title":"Chronic disease management, self-efficacy and quality of life","volume":"29","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09274-4","article-title":"An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000566","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2021-000566","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the effects of self-efficacy on fatigue and pain interference in black women with systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of depression, age and education","volume":"9","author":"Drenkard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S474427","article-title":"Effects of illness perception and coping style on self-Management in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.12.003","article-title":"The mediating role of coping styles in illness perception and self-management in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4367","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S490286","article-title":"Mediating effect of coping style between risk perception of complications and self-Management in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e074739","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074739","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between self-management behaviour, family function and health information adoption behaviour in Chinese diabetic foot patients: a mixed-methods study protocol","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22387","article-title":"Trajectories of self-management and independence in youth with spina bifida: family-related predictors of growth","volume":"47","author":"Ridosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073409","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1073409","article-title":"Network structure of family function and self-management in patients with early chronic kidney disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00474-w","article-title":"Sample size calculation for data reliability and diagnostic performance: a go-to review","volume":"8","author":"Monti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol Exp"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2025.109357","article-title":"A systematic review of validated instruments assessing healthcare professionals' competence and performance for patients' self-management support","volume":"142","author":"Paukkonen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125545","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1125545","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders, psychosocial distress, and perceived need for psychosocial support in cancer patients and their relatives stratified by biopsychosocial factors: rationale, study design, and methods of a prospective multi-center observational cohort study (LUPE study)","volume":"14","author":"Mehnert-Theuerkauf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10922-6","article-title":"The socioecological model as a framework for exploring factors influencing childhood immunization uptake in Lagos state, Nigeria","volume":"21","author":"Olaniyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.19723\/j.issn.1671-167X.2024.06.013","article-title":"Current status and influential factors of self-management ability in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893235","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.893235","article-title":"The impact of distress disclosure and anxiety on the association between social support and quality of life among Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1700387\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:28:47Z","timestamp":1767335327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1700387\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1700387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1700387","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"article-number":"1700387"}}