{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:48:24Z","timestamp":1790657304619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and lymphoma risk remains inconclusive. Dupilumab, approved for moderate-to-severe AD, has been linked to an increased lymphoma risk, raising significant concerns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the study was to clarify the association between AD and lymphoma risk and extend to non-dermatological type 2 inflammatory diseases (T2IDs). This study also aimed to assess the impact of dupilumab on lymphoma risk in AD and non-dermatological T2IDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Propensity-score matching allowed for better comparability, and sensitivity analyses ensured robustness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 801,508 cases and controls, AD was associated with an increased risk of lymphoma, e.g., cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Among 14.4 million cases and controls, non-dermatological T2IDs also conferred an increased lymphoma risk. In the comparison of AD patients treated with dupilumab versus other systemic treatments (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f7,840 per group), dupilumab exposure did not alter the risk for lymphomas but tended toward reduced risks. This decreased risk association was most evident in non-dermatological T2IDs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f16,908 per group).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective data analysis, data quality, possible false registration of ICD-10-codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T2IDs, including AD, are associated with a significantly increased risk for lymphoma. Treatment with dupilumab partially ameliorates this risk association, especially for NHL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1702736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:27:39Z","timestamp":1768886859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dupilumab treatment is not associated with changes in lymphoma risk in atopic dermatitis and other type 2 inflammatory diseases: data from a large-scale retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Khalaf","family":"Kridin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]},{"name":"Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center","place":["Nahariya, Israel"]},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University","place":["Safed, Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Bieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Olbrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"von Bubnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TriNetX, LLC","place":["Cambridge, MA, United States"]},{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Group, Artificial Intelligence Department, E.T.S.I. Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Zirpel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"von Bubnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), University of L\u00fcbeck","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diamant","family":"Tha\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf J.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00fcbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.023","article-title":"Novel insights into atopic dermatitis","volume":"151","author":"Schuler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin 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