{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1767769369016,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatic hemangioma (HH) is a common benign liver tumor. Transarterial embolization (TAE) is a widely adopted minimally invasive treatment. Subcapsular hematoma (SCH) is an exceptionally rare and severe complication following TAE, with only sporadic cases reported and no standardized management protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 43-year-old female presented with acute right upper quadrant pain 8\u202fdays after an attempted TAE for a caudate lobe HH at another institution, which had been aborted due to unsuccessful vessel cannulation. Upon admission, contrast-enhanced CT revealed a large SCH in the right hepatic lobe alongside the known caudate lobe HH. Her condition rapidly deteriorated, with a significant decline in hemoglobin and signs of hemorrhagic shock, necessitating emergency intervention. She subsequently underwent a simultaneous laparoscopic procedure consisting of evacuation of the massive SCH (approximately 2000\u202fmL) and enucleation of the giant caudate lobe hemangioma. The surgical strategy included a left-sided approach, utilization of the Arantius ligament as a key anatomical landmark, and low central venous pressure (CVP) anesthesia to minimize intraoperative bleeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of SCH as a complication following hepatic artery angiography or attempted TAE and the only reported case of simultaneous laparoscopic management of both a ruptured SCH and a caudate lobe HH. It highlights that SCH, although rare, can be a life-threatening complication of endovascular procedures. Laparoscopic surgery is a feasible and effective therapeutic option for managing such complex conditions. This report underscores the critical importance of meticulous technique during TAE and vigilant postoperative monitoring to prevent this serious complication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1710345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:59:49Z","timestamp":1767769189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Subcapsular hematoma post-transarterial embolization and its laparoscopic resolution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haizhao","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuecong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.477","article-title":"Assessing normal growth of hepatic hemangiomas during long-term follow-up","volume":"149","author":"Hasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-022-05382-1","article-title":"A comprehensive review of hepatic hemangioma management","volume":"26","author":"Aziz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1586\/egh.13.10","article-title":"Management of giant liver hemangiomas: an update","volume":"7","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164762","article-title":"Medium and long-term outcome of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization with lipiodol-bleomycin emulsion for giant hepatic hemangiomas: results in 241 patients","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020380","article-title":"Transarterial bleomycin-lipiodol chemoembolization for the treatment of giant hepatic hemangiomas: an assessment of effectiveness","volume":"16","author":"Kaca\u0142a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"234","article-title":"Hepatic subcapsular hematoma: a rare late complication after ERCP","volume":"108","author":"Servide","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-014-0468-4","article-title":"Development of a renal subcapsular hematoma during angiography for diagnosis and subsequent treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Hirao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2020.7154\/2020","article-title":"Subcapsular hepatic hematoma as a complication of ERCP: what do we know about its etiology?","volume":"113","author":"D\u00edaz Alc\u00e1zar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549375","article-title":"Iatrogenic percutaneous vascular injuries: clinical presentation, imaging, and management","volume":"32","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-03166-w","article-title":"Subcapsular hepatic hematoma as a complication of severe preeclampsia: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Luhning","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.38.142.28172","article-title":"A giant spontaneous subcapsular hematoma of the liver revealing a COVID-19 infection, a coincidence? 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