{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:51:48Z","timestamp":1789437108300,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D insufficiency is a global public health concern, particularly among Chinese pregnant women, yet southwest-China data using gold-standard LC-MS\/MS are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 2,742 pregnancies delivered in Deyang. Serum 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 quantified by LC-MS\/MS (CV &amp;lt; 7%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and assess its associations with pregnancy outcomes. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation was also compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 16.3 ng\/ml, with 62.5% of participants classified as vitamin D deficient (&amp;lt;20 ng\/ml). Early pregnancy (\u226412 weeks) carried 3.37-fold higher deficiency risk than late pregnancy (\u226525 weeks). Early deficiency was associated with gestational hypothyroidism (OR = 1.32,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048). Paradoxically, late deficiency inversely correlated with preterm birth (OR = 0.32,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014). One-month supplementation: D3-800 IU raised 25(OH)D by +28.4 ng\/ml, outperforming D2-800 IU (+14.6 ng\/ml,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency affects three-fifths of gravidae in Deyang. Early pregnancy represents the highest-risk window and predicts hypothyroidism. Late deficiency unexpectedly linked to lower preterm birth warrants causal clarification. D3 is the preferred supplement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1711506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:55:30Z","timestamp":1769064930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy outcomes: LC-MS\/MS-based evaluation in Southwest China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Deyang People's Hospital","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Deyang People's Hospital","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Deyang People's Hospital","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfei","family":"E.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Deyang People's Hospital","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Deyang People's Hospital","place":["Deyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae290","article-title":"Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an endocrine society clinical practice 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