{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T20:37:45Z","timestamp":1792528665806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extensively drug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (XDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) poses a crucial challenge due to high mortality and limited therapies. Here, we report the successful application of phage-antibiotic synergy in a critically ill patient with two months of ineffective antibiotic treatment. The patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia due to recurrent infection of XDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , causing severe pulmonary dysfunction. A nebulized phage inhalation combined with intravenous administration of polymyxin B, amikacin, and fosfomycin successfully brought about measurable clinical improvements in 8\u202fdays. The clearance of XDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in sputum cultures, coupled with decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide, substantial absorption of bilateral pulmonary lesions, reduced density of residual infiltrates, and decreased pleural effusion in the patient, collectively confirmed therapeutic efficacy. Our case indicate that bacteriophage-antibiotic therapy is promising to prevent the emergence of resistant mutants and enhance antibacterial efficacy in patient with similar infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1716306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T06:44:55Z","timestamp":1765953895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Case Report: Bacteriophage-antibiotic therapy for extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in critically ill patient with respiratory infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiqin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingbin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c02455","article-title":"Bio-mimicking nanoparticle system facilitates sonodynamic-mediated clearance of extensively drug-resistant bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.09.012","article-title":"The global prevalence of multidrug-resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii causing hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia and its associated mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Mohd Sazlly Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080784","article-title":"Challenges facing two outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: from cefiderocol susceptibility testing to the emergence of cefiderocol-resistant mutants","volume":"13","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Aguirregabiria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03988.x","article-title":"Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis: a single or two distinct clinical entities?","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060652","article-title":"Cefiderocol-based combination therapy for \u201cdifficult-to-treat\u201d gram-negative severe infections: real-life case series and future perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Bavaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0106324","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01063-24","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii treatment strategies: a review of therapeutic challenges and considerations","volume":"69","author":"Cj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39370-z","article-title":"Personalized aerosolised bacteriophage treatment of a chronic lung infection due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"14","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2025.03.004","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy for chronic biliary tract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"hLife"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070680","article-title":"Synergistic antimicrobial effects of phage vB_AbaSi_W9 and antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii infection","volume":"13","author":"Yj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13100916","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic combination therapy against recurrent Pseudomonas septicaemia in a patient with an arterial stent","volume":"13","author":"Otava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100245","article-title":"Combination of phages and antibiotics with enhanced killing efficacy against dual-species bacterial communities in a three-dimensional lung epithelial model","volume":"9","author":"Akturk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biofilms"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138823","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01388-23","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic synergy against daptomycin-nonsusceptible MRSA in an ex vivo simulated endocardial pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model","volume":"68","author":"Kunz Coyne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03854-3","article-title":"Characterization of a novel lytic phage vB_AbaM_AB4P2 encoding depolymerase and its application in eliminating biofilms formed by Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"25","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01719-5","article-title":"Bacteriophage protein Dap1 regulates evasion of antiphage immunity and Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence impacting phage therapy in mice","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.05.007","article-title":"Recent advances in bacteriophage-based therapeutics: insight into the post-antibiotic era","volume":"12","author":"Ling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaa389","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa389","article-title":"Lessons learned from the first 10 consecutive cases of intravenous bacteriophage therapy to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections at a single center in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123853","article-title":"Optimizing in vitro phage-ciprofloxacin combination formulation for respiratory therapy of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"652","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356179","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1356179","article-title":"Phage-antibiotic combinations in various treatment modalities to manage MRSA infections","volume":"15","author":"Loganathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00806-1","article-title":"Bacteriophages and antibiotic interactions in clinical practice: what we have learned so far","volume":"29","author":"\u0141usiak-Szelachowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1716306\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T06:45:17Z","timestamp":1765953917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1716306\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2025.1716306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1716306","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"article-number":"1716306"}}