{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:07:53Z","timestamp":1777392473877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alfentanil and ciprofol are used in combination for intravenous anesthesia, but the effective dose of alfentanil required to suppress movement during surgery when co-administered with ciprofol is not well-defined. This study aimed to determine the effective dose of alfentanil, combined with ciprofol, required to inhibit body movement responses in patients undergoing breast lumpectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients scheduled for elective breast lumpectomy uswere selected. Ciprofol was administered intravenously at anesthesia induction, and alfentanil was given using the sequential method with an initial dose of 10\u202f\u03bcg\/kg and a dose gradient of 1\u202f\u03bcg\/kg. The dosage of alfentanil, the incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression, hypotension requiring treatment, and bradycardia were recorded. Postoperative adverse reactions were assessed and recorded. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the effective dose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median effective dose (ED\u2085\u2080) of alfentanil for inhibiting intraoperative body movement was calculated to be 13.396\u202f\u03bcg\/kg, with a corresponding 95% effective dose (ED\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of 15.752\u202f\u03bcg\/kg. During the surgical procedure, no patients required therapeutic intervention for either intraoperative hypotension or bradycardia. However, three patients developed respiratory depression. Notably, no postoperative adverse reactions were documented in any of the study participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ED\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of alfentanil combined with ciprofol for intravenous anesthesia to suppress movement during breast lumpectomy is 13.396\u202f\u03bcg\/kg, and the ED\u2089\u2085 is 15.752\u202f\u03bcg\/kg.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , ChiCTR2500109829.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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resection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-023-07094-2","article-title":"Cost-efficacy analysis of use of frozen section histology for margin assessment during breast conservation surgery in breast cancer 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