{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T08:22:16Z","timestamp":1793694136848,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project Foundation of Xi\u2019an Health Commission","award":["2024yb47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024yb47"]}]},{"name":"The Pre-Research Foundation of the Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","award":["HGY417 QN-2023-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HGY417 QN-2023-008"]}]},{"name":"The Pre-Research Foundation of the Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","award":["HGY417-QN-2023-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HGY417-QN-2023-001"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Construction of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China","award":["XKTJ-XK202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XKTJ-XK202403"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Construction of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China","award":["XKTJ-TD202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XKTJ-TD202403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the widespread application of ionizing radiation in medicine and other fields, the health impacts of long-term occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on the human body have garnered growing attention. Despite inconsistencies in the findings across various studies, the effects of LDIR on human health are undeniable. There is an urgent need to comprehensively examine the impacts of LDIR on the entire human health system, clearly delineate the key aspects of occupational protection, optimize the working environment, and raise the awareness of self-protection among workers exposed to ionizing radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By synthesizing existing research findings on LDIR, we summarized its effects on the human immune, hematopoietic, endocrine, circulatory, digestive, reproductive, respiratory, and urinary systems. Within the immune system, the thyroid gland is the organ most susceptible to LDIR-induced damage. Sufficient protective measures should be implemented regardless of the specific work setting. Additionally, the adverse impacts of LDIR on the hematopoietic and reproductive systems are particularly noteworthy and cannot be overlooked.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1628683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T05:22:55Z","timestamp":1769664175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impact of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation on human health: risks and protective measures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, The Lintong Rehabilitation and Convalescent Center","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiankun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital","place":["Xi\u2019an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/11\/3\/006","article-title":"The 1990 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection","volume":"11","author":"Vennart","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-015-0613-6","article-title":"Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection","volume":"54","author":"R\u00fchm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/01466453221080101","article-title":"ICRP PUBLICATION 152 approved by the Commission in November 2021","volume":"51","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15593258221138506","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221138506","article-title":"Biophysical modeling of the ionizing radiation influence on cells using the stochastic (Monte Carlo) and deterministic (analytical) approaches","volume":"20","author":"Fornalski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"UNSCEAR 2020 report: Annex B. 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