{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1772204800714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS) report experiencing an infectious illness prior to disease onset. Approximately 30% of cases are linked to Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) infection resulting in Infectious Mononucleosis (IM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the progression of ME\/CFS following IM among a cohort of college students who were recruited before they developed the infection. This sample represented a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse population of young adults who were monitored over a 7-year period. Assessments of health status, psychological functioning, and blood biomarkers were conducted at four time points: (1) baseline, when participants were healthy and at least 6\u202fweeks from IM onset; (2) within 6\u202fweeks of IM diagnosis; (3) 6\u202fmonths post-IM, when participants had either recovered or met criteria for ME\/CFS; and (4) the 7-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At follow-up, 81% of participants who had initially presented with severe ME\/CFS continued to fulfill diagnostic criteria. In contrast, only about one-third of those with moderate or lingering symptoms at 6\u202fmonths still had ME\/CFS 7\u202fyears later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that ME\/CFS following IM tends to persist over the long term, particularly among those whose illness was more severe at onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1676628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1772201144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes of ME\/CFS following infectious mononucleosis: seven-year follow-up of a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leonard A.","family":"Jason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Research, DePaul University","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Furst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Worth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Research, DePaul University","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben Z.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953211043106","article-title":"Patient perceptions of infectious illnesses preceding Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Jason","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chronic Illn"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2469-5653.1000113","article-title":"Incidence of infectious mononucleosis in universities and U.S. military settings","volume":"3","author":"Williams-Harmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diagn Tech Biomed Anal"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.475","article-title":"Incidence, risk and prognosis of acute and chronic fatigue syndromes and psychiatric disorders after glandular fever","volume":"173","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE","article-title":"Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study","volume":"333","author":"Hickie","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1879","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis in adolescents","volume":"124","author":"Katz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics6020016","article-title":"The relationship between age and illness duration in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Kidd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181e4ce0b","article-title":"Illness trajectories in the chronic fatigue syndrome: a longitudinal study of improvers versus non-improvers","volume":"198","author":"Ciccone","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022595","article-title":"A natural history study of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Jason","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3740","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1886","article-title":"Risks for developing ME\/CFS in college students following infectious mononucleosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Jason","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","article-title":"The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study","volume":"121","author":"Fukuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-3-25","article-title":"Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution","volume":"3","author":"Reeves","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.52.3.523","article-title":"The autonomic symptom profile: a new instrument to assess autonomic symptoms","volume":"52","author":"Suarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.013","article-title":"COMPASS 31: a refined and abbreviated composite autonomic symptom score","volume":"87","author":"Sletten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199401000-00004","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): III. 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