{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1783529113084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the association between fundus tessellated density (FTD) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in children with different refractive statuses and to explore the potential of FTD as a non-invasive biomarker for monitoring myopic progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 619 eyes of 315 children aged 6\u201312\u202fyears. Participants were classified into four refractive groups: hyperopia, pre-myopia, low myopia, and moderate-to-high myopia. FTD was quantitatively assessed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of color fundus photographs. SFCT and central subfield thickness (CST) were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Correlation and threshold effect analyses were performed to examine the relationship between FTD and SFCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SFCT decreased significantly with increasing myopic severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), while FTD showed a corresponding increase (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between FTD and SFCT in pre-myopia (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.183,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.019), low myopia (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.335,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), and moderate-to-high myopia (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.222,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.008) groups, but not in hyperopia (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.454). A nonlinear threshold effect was identified: when SFCT decreased below 148.90\u202f\u03bcm in the overall cohort, FTD increased markedly, suggesting that this value may serve as a potential reference point for myopia management. This threshold decreased with higher myopic severity. CST did not follow a linear gradient with refraction but was increased in moderate-to-high myopia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FTD and SFCT are significantly associated in a nonlinear manner in myopic children, with a defined threshold effect that varies by refractive status. AI-based FTD measurement offers a reproducible and accessible method for quantifying early structural changes in myopia. The identified nonlinear relationship and threshold suggest that combined assessment of FTD and SFCT may hold promise for improving early detection and monitoring of pediatric myopic progression, warranting further longitudinal validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1713592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:25:19Z","timestamp":1772688319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between fundus tessellated density and subfoveal choroidal thickness in children with different refractive statuses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Second Hospital, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Shapingba Hospital, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EVision Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EVision Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Second Hospital, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4395278","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4395278","article-title":"Recent epidemiology study data of myopia","volume":"2020","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000516","article-title":"The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optometry Vision 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