{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:35:52Z","timestamp":1770813352216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development, and the Clinical Research Plan of IPMCH","award":["IPMCH2022CR1-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPMCH2022CR1-03"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["SHDC2024CRI095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2024CRI095"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center Foundation","award":["SHDC22022303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC22022303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aneuploidy is a major cause of implantation failure and miscarriage in assisted reproductive technology. This study aimed to evaluate embryo euploidy and live birth rates associated with the luteal-phase stimulation (LPS) protocol in\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization (IVF), compared with the follicular-phase stimulation (FPS) protocol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university-affiliated fertility center, including 667 preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycles performed between January 2020 and June 2023. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 106\u202fcycles were analyzed from each group (LPS and FPS). Baseline characteristics, ovarian stimulation parameters, euploidy rate, and subsequent reproductive outcomes were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After matching, baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. The LPS group required a longer duration of gonadotropin stimulation (median 10.5 vs. 9\u202fdays,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) and yielded fewer retrieved oocytes (median 6 vs. 9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) than the FPS group. On the day of hCG administration, patients in the LPS group had significantly higher progesterone levels than those in the FPS group (median 6.1 vs. 3.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). However, the euploidy rate did not differ significantly (33.9% vs. 30.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05). Subgroup analyses stratified by age (&amp;lt;38 and \u226538\u202fyears) revealed consistent results. Similarly, the clinical pregnancy rate (55.9% vs. 64.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05), live birth rate (41.2% vs. 46.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05), and pregnancy loss rate (14.7% vs. 17.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05) after the first embryo transfer were comparable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The LPS protocol demonstrated similar embryo euploidy and live birth rates to the FPS protocol, suggesting that LPS does not compromise chromosomal competence or reproductive outcomes. However, the lower oocyte yield in the LPS group could potentially affect cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates. Given its scheduling flexibility, LPS may still represent a clinically feasible and patient-friendly option in assisted reproductive technology (ART).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1722250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T06:51:07Z","timestamp":1770792667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Luteal-phase stimulation does not compromise embryo euploidy or live birth outcomes compared to follicular-phase stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65558-0","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of GnRH-agonist long-protocol and GnRH-antagonist protocol for in vitro 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Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa068","article-title":"Comparison of euploidy rates of blastocysts in women treated with progestins or GnRH antagonist to prevent the luteinizing hormone surge during ovarian stimulation","volume":"35","author":"La Marca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead182","article-title":"Impact of letrozole co-treatment during ovarian stimulation on oocyte yield, embryo development, and live birth rate in women with normal ovarian reserve: secondary outcomes from the RIOT trial","volume":"38","author":"B\u00fclow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12983","article-title":"Luteal-phase ovarian stimulation vs conventional ovarian stimulation in patients with normal ovarian reserve treated for IVF: a large retrospective cohort study","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.03.037","article-title":"Evaluation of ovarian tissue transplantation: results from three clinical centers","volume":"114","author":"Shapira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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