{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:17:16Z","timestamp":1771931836334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This research aims to report a case of invasive\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) infection of a distal fibular wound and to provide a review of the literature in order to elucidate the clinical features and antimicrobial management of this uncommon pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe a case of invasive\n                      <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      wound infection in a 60-year-old male following an open distal fibular fracture. In addition, we performed a narrative review of the literature via a PubMed search for reports of invasive\n                      <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in adults published up to August 2025, restricted to adult cases. Extracted variables included demographic characteristics, underlying conditions, infection sites, antimicrobial regimens, and clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive\n                      <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection was most common in patients with surgery\/urinary catheterization history, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, immunosuppression, or post-transplantation status. Primary infection sites were skin\/bone, pleural\/peritoneal effusions, and the central nervous system. Among 65 cases, 17 (26.2%) experienced treatment failure. Failure rates were 22.5% (9\/40) in doxycycline-containing regimens and 32.0% (8\/25) in non-doxycycline regimens, with no significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.397). Prolonged antimicrobial therapy was protective against failure [OR 0.089 (0.017\u20130.466)], while post-transplantation status increased risk [OR 6.045 (1.053\u201334.710)]. Mortality was often multifactorial, especially in transplant recipients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive\n                      <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections, though likely underdiagnosed and underreported, can lead to severe outcomes, particularly in patients with a history of surgery, urinary catheterization, or immunosuppression. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy is associated with improved outcomes, whereas post-transplantation status increases the risk of failure. Doxycycline-containing regimens, especially combined with fluoroquinolones, are a preferred therapeutic strategy. Heightened clinical vigilance and optimized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are critical to reduce treatment failure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1728188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T05:19:00Z","timestamp":1771219140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial management of invasive Mycoplasma hominis infection: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital","place":["Huaihua, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shumin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoshi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1086\/313529","article-title":"Life-threatening Mycoplasma hominis mediastinitis","volume":"29","author":"Mattila","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24329","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24329","article-title":"Identification of sacrococcygeal and pelvic abscesses infected with invasive Mycoplasma 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Surg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33745","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033745","article-title":"Bilateral decompressive craniotomy complicated by postoperative Mycoplasma hominis epidural empyema and meningitis: a case report","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S394","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2511-9","article-title":"An uncommon case of Mycoplasma hominis infection after total disc replacement","author":"Flouzat-Lachaniette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.O.00139","article-title":"Decompressive laminectomy complicated by postoperative Mycoplasma hominis epidural abscess and meningitis in a Young woman: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Chew","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBJS Case 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