{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1780981145571,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread recognition of evidence-based practice as fundamental to quality healthcare, persistent theory-to-practice gaps undermine optimal patient outcomes. Structural barriers including inadequate mentorship, limited resources, and organizational constraints prevent clinical nurses from engaging meaningfully in research activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the observed changes in clinical nurses\u2019 research competencies and inquiry cultures associated with a novel Nursing Research Clinic operationalized through the CREATE (Consultation, Review, Enlighten, Advice, Ticket, Enhancement) model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Convergent parallel mixed-methods design employing a single-group pre-post intervention assessment with qualitative exploration of participant experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following institutional ethics approval, 86 registered nurses with \u22651-year clinical experience participated in the CREATE intervention at Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital (October 2023\u2013October 2024). Perceived research competence was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Nursing Research Competence Self-Assessment Scale (NRCSAS), a 30-item instrument adapted for clinical nurses from a previously published research competency scale. Research productivity metrics were tracked, and semi-structured interviews with 20 participants explored experiences through inductive thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants demonstrated significant improvements across all competence domains, with total scores increasing from 68.72 \u00b1 18.38 to 84.97 \u00b1 12.95 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Effect sizes ranged from medium to large (Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.45\u20131.47), with largest improvements in data processing (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.47) and research practice (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.09). Early-stage productivity outcomes included one core journal publication, three national presentations, three patents, and four funded projects. Qualitative analysis revealed five themes: transformation from apprehension to empowerment, catalytic mentorship role, legitimization through institutional recognition, enhanced collaboration, and navigation of research challenges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CREATE model represents a structured and replicable intervention that systematically addresses barriers to nursing research engagement. This evaluation demonstrates that the model is associated with meaningful improvements in research competence and early-stage scholarly productivity, supported by qualitative evidence of professional identity transformation, mentorship effectiveness, and institutional legitimization. Future multi-site-controlled studies are recommended to further establish generalizability and long-term sustainability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:28:05Z","timestamp":1780979285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fostering a culture of inquiry through a dedicated Nursing Research Clinic: a mixed-methods evaluation of the CREATE model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyin","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Case Management, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Case Management, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn\u2019t.","volume":"312","author":"Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12021","article-title":"The establishment of evidence-based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real-world clinical settings: proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs.","volume":"11","author":"Melnyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/naq.0b013e3181a10de6","article-title":"American nurses credentialing center magnet recognition program application manual, 2008 edition.","volume":"33","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nurs Admin Q"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00001786-200410000-00002","article-title":"The PARIHS framework\u2014a framework for guiding the implementation of evidence-based practice.","volume":"19","author":"Rycroft-Malone","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nurs Care Q"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-1","article-title":"Individual determinants of research utilization by nurses: a systematic review update.","volume":"6","author":"Squires","year":"2011","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16133","article-title":"Mixed methods systematic review: factors influencing research activity among nurses in clinical practice.","volume":"31","author":"Morrison","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-95-5187-3_5","article-title":"Considerations and reflections on coordinating the catalogue of disciplines and specialties with discipline evaluation.","volume-title":"University and Discipline Construction in China: Selected Articles from the Journal \u2018Universities and Disciplines\u2019.","author":"Wei","year":"2026"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12924","article-title":"Nursing research capacity and its management in China: a systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000125","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000125.pub4","article-title":"Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes.","volume":"8","author":"Flodgren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12044","article-title":"Leadership for evidence-based practice: strategic and functional behaviors for institutionalizing EBP.","volume":"11","author":"Stetler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12468","article-title":"Registered nurses\u2019 evidence-based practice revisited: a longitudinal study in mid-career.","volume":"17","author":"Rudman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2011.05.018","article-title":"Assisting undergraduate nursing students to learn evidence-based practice through self-directed learning and workshop strategies during clinical practicum.","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-016-0398-2","article-title":"PARIHS revisited: from heuristic to integrated framework for the successful implementation of knowledge into practice.","volume":"11","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/097168589500100115","article-title":"Book reviews: Peter M. Senge, the fifth discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday, 1990, pp. viii + 424, Rs 415.","volume":"1","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Human Values"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5539\/elt.v12n5p40","article-title":"Book review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.","volume":"12","author":"Ishtiaq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engl Lang Teach"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2016.04.023","article-title":"Educational interventions on evidence-based nursing in clinical practice: a systematic review with qualitative analysis.","volume":"43","author":"H\u00e4ggman-Laitila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2019.05.039","article-title":"Development and psychometric testing of the research competency scale for nursing students: an instrument design study.","volume":"79","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology.","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitat Res Psychol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.9.1103","article-title":"Mentoring in academic medicine.","volume":"296","author":"Sambunjak","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/naq.0b013e31820320ff","article-title":"Fostering evidence-based practice to improve nurse and cost outcomes in a community health setting.","volume":"35","author":"Levin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs Admin Q"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12188","article-title":"Test of the ARCC\u00a9 model improves implementation of evidence-based practice, healthcare culture, and patient outcomes.","volume":"14","author":"Melnyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.37464\/2025.421.1467","article-title":"Perspectives of clinician nurses working in a nurse-led research team: building nurse research capacity.","volume":"42","author":"Williams","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust J Adv Nurs."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2024.0088","article-title":"Research strategies for trainee and qualified advanced clinical practitioners that enhance evidence-based practice.","volume":"33","author":"Alsararatee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(78)90002-4","article-title":"Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.","volume":"1","author":"Bandura","year":"1978","journal-title":"Adv Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12195","article-title":"Findings from a pilot study: bringing evidence-based practice to the bedside.","volume":"14","author":"Friesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738330\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:28:10Z","timestamp":1780979290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738330\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738330","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"article-number":"1738330"}}