{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T22:17:09Z","timestamp":1769120229777,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a higher risk of coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) compared to the general population. Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. This study intends to conduct research on the relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms ((rs4244285, 681G\u202f&amp;gt;\u202fA, *2) and (rs4986893, 636G\u202f&amp;gt;\u202fA, *3)) and the risk of CAS in patients with T2DM. 4,627 T2DM patients from January 2019 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, included 2,390 cases of T2DM complicated with CAS and 2,237 cases of patients with T2DM only. CYP2C19 was divided into three phenotypes: extensive metabolizer (EM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), and poor metabolizer (PM) based on rs4244285 and rs4986893 SNPs. The relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                    polymorphisms and CAS risk was analyzed. There were 1,403(30.3%) patients with dyslipidemia, and dyslipidemia (41.1% vs. 18.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) in patients with CAS was higher than those in controls. The frequencies of\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                    IM and PM phenotypes in CAS patients were higher than those in controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio (OR): 1.273, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.099\u20131.473,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.001), overweight (OR: 1.175, 95% CI: 1.039\u20131.328,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.010), smoking (OR: 1.238, 95% CI: 1.049\u20131.462,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.012), alcoholism (OR: 1.445, 95% CI: 1.040\u20132.007,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.028), hypertension (OR: 1.229, 95% CI: 1.047\u20131.442,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f=\u202f0.012), dyslipidemia (OR: 3.027, 95% CI: 2.641\u20133.469,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001),\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                    IM\/PM phenotype(IM\u202f+\u202fPM vs. EM phenotype, OR: 1.290, 95% CI: 1.140\u20131.459,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001) were associated with CAS in T2DM.\n                    <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                    IM\u202f+\u202fPM phenotypes, advanced age, overweight, history of smoking, history of alcoholism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia may be associated with CAS in T2DM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1738919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:14:51Z","timestamp":1769058891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizer statuses may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Meizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10050210","article-title":"Correlation between coronary artery disease with other arterial systems: similar, albeit separate, underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Achim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2025.2476132","article-title":"Coronary atherosclerotic plaque modification: the present and the future","volume":"23","author":"Theofilis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10633-7","article-title":"Prognostic implications of pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement computed tomography-derived coronary plaque 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