{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:42:03Z","timestamp":1783690923934,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma characterized by varied clinical manifestations. The immune status is associated with MCL\u2019s development and outcome. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of peripheral cytokines and blood lymphocyte subsets in MCL patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed patients\u2019 clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Immune cell levels and cytokines were evaluated via peripheral blood flow cytometry. Prognostic models incorporating immune characteristics were developed using XGBoost algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study involved 78 MCL patients with a median follow-up period of 40\u202fmonths. The median PFS and median OS were 32 and 48\u202fmonths. Univariate analysis linked poor PFS to factors including elevated \u03b22-MG, Ann Arbor stage III-IV, low albumin levels (&amp;lt;35\u202fg\/L), high SUVmax (\u226511), reduced T cells (&amp;lt;70.42%), reduced CD4\u202f+\u202fT cells (&amp;lt;34.63%), and increased NK cells (\u22658.37%). Factors linked to poor OS included the pleomorphic and blastoid subtypes, albumin below 35\u202fg\/L, and high SUVmax (\u226511). Multivariate analysis identified high SUVmax (\u226511) as an independent predictor of poor PFS and OS in MCL patients. XGBoost regression and classification models were developed to determine feature importance, highlighting five key features: SUVmax, LDH, IL-2, TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and CD4\u202f+\u202fT cells. A prognostic model using these immune features was created to predict patients\u2019 PFS, dividing them into high-risk and low-risk categories. This model showed superior discriminatory power compared to the MIPI and MIPI-C models and had comparable calibration ability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study developed an innovative immune prognostic model for evaluating the prognosis of MCL patients, integrating immune factors with existing clinical features to improve prognostic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1751344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T05:22:31Z","timestamp":1769664151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel immune model predicts the prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, 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