{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:41:38Z","timestamp":1789141298210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a subset of guinea pigs born with spontaneous myopia that exhibit fundus characteristics similar to those of high myopia. This study aimed to further identify the traits, including proteomic profiling of the retina and plasma, in this strain of guinea pigs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spontaneously myopic guinea pigs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f11) and hyperopic controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f12) were screened from 2-week-old pigmented guinea pigs. Refractive error (RE) was measured using infrared eccentric photorefraction. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was employed to assess ocular biometrics in anterior segment mode, while posterior layer thicknesses and fundus images were obtained in posterior segment mode. Retinal activity was assessed using ffERG. H&amp;amp;E staining and TUNEL assay were performed, with the latter assessing apoptosis in the retina and optic disc head. Retinal and plasma samples were further analyzed using rapid data-independent acquisition (Rapid-DIA) proteomics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to hyperopic eyes, spontaneously myopic eyes displayed a more negative RE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), significantly elongated AL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.004), and increased VCD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001). Moreover, spontaneously myopic eyes exhibited significantly thinner retina (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.008), choroid (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.0006), and sclera (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.002). All spontaneous myopia cases displayed a tessellated fundus, whereas no such fundus was observed in hyperopia. ERG responses were similar between the two groups. TUNEL staining revealed significantly increased apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer of myopic retinas. Proteomic analysis identified upregulated complement activation and ferroptosis-related pathways in myopic retinas, alongside reduced nitric oxide signaling protein expression. Plasma proteomics indicated elevated VEGF pathway protein expression in spontaneously myopic guinea pigs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneously myopic guinea pigs showed high similarity to human high myopia in ocular parameters, fundus, and molecular pathways, suggesting the potential as an alternative model for high myopia research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1757831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:23:54Z","timestamp":1773897834000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proteomic profiling of spontaneous myopia in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Aier School of Optometry and Vision Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology","place":["Xianning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longbo","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Aier School of Optometry and Vision Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology","place":["Xianning, China"]},{"name":"Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]},{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science","place":["Changsha, China"]},{"name":"Aier School of Optometry and Vision Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology","place":["Xianning, China"]},{"name":"Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020260","article-title":"Weight status and myopia in children and adolescents: a Nationwide cross-sectional study of China","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002590","article-title":"Prevalence and time trends of myopia in children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/266066a0","article-title":"Myopia and eye enlargement after neonatal lid fusion in monkeys","volume":"266","author":"Wiesel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.694514","article-title":"Extreme myopia produced by modest change in early visual experience","volume":"201","author":"Wallman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90113-7","article-title":"Accommodation, refractive error and eye growth in chickens","volume":"28","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12312","article-title":"Animal models in myopia research","volume":"98","author":"Schaeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109202","article-title":"Near work induces myopia in guinea pigs","volume":"224","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110155","article-title":"Monochromatic light effects on refractive error, cone cell density and retinoic acid signaling in dorsal and ventral retina in guinea pigs","volume":"249","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2463","article-title":"Spontaneous axial myopia and emmetropization in a strain of wild-type guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)","volume":"50","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7088","article-title":"Disruption of emmetropization and high susceptibility to deprivation myopia in albino guinea pigs","volume":"52","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.12.061","article-title":"Different roles of retinal dopamine in albino guinea pig myopia","volume":"639","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26397","article-title":"Changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal blood perfusion in Guinea pig myopia","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.14.19","article-title":"Spontaneously myopic Guinea pig: model of early pathologic myopia","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25365","article-title":"Strain-dependent differences in sensitivity to myopia-inducing stimuli in Guinea pigs and role of choroid","volume":"60","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030434","article-title":"GABA(B) receptor activation affects eye growth in chickens with visually induced refractive errors","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2021.2009515","article-title":"Atropine affects the outer retina during inhibiting form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn923","article-title":"Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212598","article-title":"RNA-Seq analysis reveals an essential role of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and inflammation in myopia-induced retinal degeneration in guinea pigs","volume":"22","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.5.8","article-title":"Fundus tessellation and parapapillary atrophy, as ocular characteristics of spontaneously high myopia in macaques: the non-human Primates eye study","volume":"13","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.01.022","article-title":"International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy","volume":"159","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.6319","article-title":"Four-year progression of myopic maculopathy in children and adolescents with high myopia","volume":"142","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2023.2269612","article-title":"Association between fundus tessellation and contrast sensitivity in myopic eyes","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109208","article-title":"Retinal neurodegeneration in a mouse model of green-light-induced myopia","volume":"223","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-326609","article-title":"Photoreceptor cone loss is associated with decreased deep retinal vessel density and impaired retinal sensitivity in high myopia","volume":"109","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26085","article-title":"Photoreceptor degeneration is correlated with the deterioration of macular retinal sensitivity in high myopia","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274651","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1274651","article-title":"Reduced contrast sensitivity function is correlated with changes to cone photoreceptors in simple high myopia","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.07.011","article-title":"Relative peripheral hyperopic defosscus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.53","article-title":"Defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses changed the relative peripheral refraction: a 2-year randomized clinical trial","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6272","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14648","article-title":"Visually-driven ocular growth in mice requires functional rod photoreceptors","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.01.042","article-title":"Rod photoreceptor activation alone defines the release of dopamine in the retina","volume":"29","author":"Perez-Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-021-09857-5","article-title":"Electroretinogram responses in myopia: a review","volume":"145","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13460","article-title":"Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RETeval device with skin electrodes","volume":"45","author":"Stapley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20272-w","article-title":"A highly efficient murine model of experimental myopia","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.12.47","article-title":"Association between pigmentation heritage and susceptibility to experimentally induced myopia: crossbreeding insights from albino and pigmented guinea pigs","volume":"66","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10185","article-title":"Myopia progression in children is linked with reduced foveal mfERG response","volume":"53","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104198","article-title":"Safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for children with myopia","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13114","article-title":"Association between relative peripheral refraction and corresponding electro-retinal signals","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.02.021","article-title":"Slow flash multifocal electroretinogram in myopia","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101896","article-title":"Quercetin-loaded exosomes delivery system prevents myopia progression by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis in scleral fibroblasts","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.13.51","article-title":"Metabolic characteristics of sclera in lens-induced myopic guinea pigs","volume":"65","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-025-10020-y","article-title":"Sodium fluoride promotes myopia progression via the activation of the ferroptosis pathway by PIEZO1 and pharmacological targeting PIEZO1 represents an innovative approach for myopia treatment","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07384-8","article-title":"Enhanced ferroptosis sensitivity promotes the formation of highly myopic cataract via the DDR2-hippo pathway","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021286","article-title":"Retinal proteome analysis reveals a region-specific change in the rabbit myopia model","volume":"24","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.07.021","article-title":"Role of chronic inflammation in myopia progression: clinical evidence and experimental validation","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0002-7","article-title":"Nitric oxide (NO) mediates the inhibition of form-deprivation myopia by atropine in chicks","volume":"6","author":"Carr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000055647","article-title":"Effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on lens-induced myopia","volume":"33","author":"Fujikado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176111","article-title":"Suppressive effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NMMA acetate on choroidal fibrosis in experimental myopic guinea pigs through the nitric oxide signaling pathway","volume":"960","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523211","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1523211","article-title":"Proteomic signatures of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes in myopic and non-myopic tree shrew eyes","volume":"12","author":"Sanchez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9255-3","article-title":"Soluble HSPB1 regulates VEGF-mediated angiogenesis through their direct interaction","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1757831\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:23:54Z","timestamp":1773897834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1757831\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1757831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1757831","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"article-number":"1757831"}}