{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:56:17Z","timestamp":1776056177993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal lipid metabolism affects IgA nephropathy (IgAN) prognosis, but the prognostic value of LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio in IgAN remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A bicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,405 IgAN patients with a median follow-up of 50.1\u202fmonths. Patients were divided into four quartiles based on LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio (Q1: lowest quartile, Q4: highest quartile). Kaplan\u2013Meier, Cox regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to explore the association between LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ESRD occurred in 110 patients (8.45%). The ESRD-free survival rate decreased significantly with increasing LDL-C\/HDL-C quartiles (log-rank\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that, compared with the first quartile (Q1, reference), the hazard ratios for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 2.542 (95% CI: 0.679\u20139.523,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.166), 2.499 (95% CI: 0.707\u20138.830,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.155), and 6.384 (95% CI: 1.840\u201322.154,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.003), respectively. Each 1-unit increase in the LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with a 45.2% elevated risk (HR\u202f=\u202f1.452, 95% CI: 1.159\u20131.818,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis confirmed a linear dose\u2013response relationship (overall\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.0196, nonlinear\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.2199). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association was amplified in patients with elevated serum creatinine (sCr), hypertension, hyperuricemia, M1, and T2 (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). However, the LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio exhibited no correlation with renal IgA deposition intensity (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.013,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.624).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated LDL-C\/HDL-C ratio constitutes an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), demonstrating a linear dose\u2013response relationship and serving as a reliable prognostic biomarker independent of IgA deposition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1762427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:38:34Z","timestamp":1776055114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C can effectively predict the prognosis of IgA nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Fuyang People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanwan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Fuyang People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Fuyang People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganxiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Fuyang People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University","place":["Fuyang, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sishi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaosheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08680816","article-title":"IgA nephropathy","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080881","article-title":"The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8120376","article-title":"Modified lipids and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease: a new class of uremic 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