{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:15:29Z","timestamp":1787166929108,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etomidate often induces adverse effects such as myoclonus during anesthesia induction, thereby increasing perioperative risks for patients to some extent. Oliceridine is a novel opioid with fewer opioid-related adverse reactions. This study aims to investigate the effect of oliceridine pretreatment on etomidate-induced myoclonus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were selected and randomly divided into the oliceridine group (Group O) and the normal saline group (Group C), with 45 patients in each group. Two minutes before etomidate administration, Group O and Group C were given 0.02\u202fmg\/kg oliceridine and an equal volume of normal saline, respectively. Primary outcome measure: the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Secondary outcome measures: the severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus, as well as adverse reactions and hemodynamic changes occurring during the observation period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of myoclonus in Group O was significantly lower than that in Group C (13.3% vs. 51.1%, RR\u202f=\u202f0.45, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]\u202f=\u202f0.310\u20130.667,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Compared with Group C, the incidence of myoclonus in Group O was reduced by 37.8%. Among the secondary outcomes, the severity of myoclonus in Group O was significantly lower than that in Group C (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). The time to loss of consciousness in Group O was shorter than that in Group C (43.24\u202fs \u00b1\u202f6.89 vs. 48.2\u202fs \u00b1\u202f10.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.008), and there was a statistically significant difference in the BIS values between the two groups at 2\u202fmin after etomidate induction (T2) (44.23\u202f\u00b1\u202f9.38 vs. 53.75\u202f\u00b1\u202f16.54,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in adverse reactions or hemodynamic changes between the two groups during the observation period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pretreatment with oliceridine can significantly reduce the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Therefore, oliceridine can be used as a new pretreatment strategy when etomidate is employed for anesthetic induction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/searchproj.html<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier ChiCTR2500108944.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1764143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:40:33Z","timestamp":1772779233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of oliceridine pretreatment on etomidate-induced myoclonus: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anaesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanceng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital","place":["Weifang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12289","article-title":"Etomidate--a review of robust evidence for its use in various clinical scenarios","volume":"58","author":"Erdoes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S174057","article-title":"Pretreatment with lidocaine reduces both incidence and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S495130","article-title":"Effect of pretreatment with a small dose of esketamine on myoclonus induced by etomidate: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5989","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00325","article-title":"The application and pharmaceutical development of etomidate: challenges and strategies","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010131","article-title":"Drug-induced myoclonus: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Rissardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S372612","article-title":"Oliceridine for the management of moderate to severe acute postoperative pain: a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Daksla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2023.2213889","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oliceridine treatment in patients with postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S512529","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of oliceridine and sufentanil in gastrointestinal endoscopy: a single-center, randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c332","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c332","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S485626","article-title":"Pretreatment with esketamine reduces etomidate-induced myoclonus during the induction of anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199901000-00017","article-title":"Reducing myoclonus after etomidate","volume":"90","author":"Doenicke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S121979","article-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine in preventing etomidate-induced myoclonus: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000404","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of opioids for the prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516682882","article-title":"Effect of pretreatment with midazolam on etomidate-induced myoclonus: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00390","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for reducing the incidence of myoclonus in patients receiving etomidate for induction of general anesthesia: an umbrella review","volume":"22","author":"Greenwood","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507616","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1507616","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of 20 intravenous pharmaceutical intervention for prevention of etomidate-induced myoclonus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799156","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.799156","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of various drug interventions to prevent etomidate-induced myoclonus: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.029","article-title":"Ultra-low dose naltrexone potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of low dose morphine on clonic seizures","volume":"129","author":"Honar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8801600207","article-title":"Fentanyl pretreatment modifies anaesthetic induction with etomidate","volume":"16","author":"Stockham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.2.127","article-title":"The proper effect site concentration of remifentanil for prevention of myoclonus after etomidate injection","volume":"61","author":"Ri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5415","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S525471","article-title":"Overview and prospects of the clinical application of oliceridine","volume":"19","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5929","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S532778","article-title":"Evaluating the opioid-related adverse events of oliceridine versus conventional opioids in patient-controlled analgesia after thoracoscopic lung resection: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-025-03578-8","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of oliceridine and sufentanil on the quality of recovery after hysteroscopic surgery: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial","author":"Ke","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.12089\/jca.2024.12.005","article-title":"Efficiency of the application of oliceridine or sufentanil in painless gastroseopy","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Anesthesiol (China)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S505079","article-title":"Establishing the median and 95% effective doses of oliceridine for immediate post-surgical analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind, sequential dose-finding study","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5033","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S527586","article-title":"Effective dose of oliceridine fumarate co-administered with remimazolam in suppressing gastroscope insertion responses for adults","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1764143\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:40:38Z","timestamp":1772779238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1764143\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1764143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1764143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"article-number":"1764143"}}