{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T16:43:57Z","timestamp":1770396237179,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A transient increase in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) incidence was observed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess new AAV diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single-center cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients newly diagnosed with AAV at a tertiary care university hospital in Northern Spain between January 2019 and December 2022. Cases were classified according to the 2022 American College of Rheumatology\/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ACR\/EULAR) criteria. Clinical and serologic data were collected, including antibody specificity for proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA), as well as the temporal relationship to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant increase in AAV incidence was observed during the pandemic, rising from 22.4 cases per million in 2019 to 37.9 cases per million in 2021 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). Approximately 40% of patients diagnosed during this period had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the preceding 3 months. By 2022, AAV incidence returned to pre-pandemic levels. Contrary to initial trends, demographic and clinical characteristics remained stable; no significant differences were observed in age, gender distribution, disease severity, or organ involvement between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. While a numerical increase in PR3-ANCA cases was noted during the pandemic, MPO-ANCA remained the predominant subtype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The temporary but significant rise in AAV incidence suggests a possible temporal association with COVID-19 infection or vaccination. These findings underscore the need to conduct larger, multicentre studies to confirm these observations, investigate potential pathophysiological mechanisms, and improve clinical management approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1766518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:36:37Z","timestamp":1770359797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and clinical features of ANCA-associated vasculitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a single-center in Northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ligia","family":"Gabrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital","place":["Santander, Spain"]},{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Valdecilla Health Research Institute 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Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital","place":["Santander, Spain"]},{"name":"Immunopathology Group, Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL)","place":["Santander, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m421","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m421","article-title":"Management of ANCA associated vasculitis","volume":"368","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2023.101845","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of vasculitis: emerging concepts","volume":"37","author":"Ecclestone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin 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