{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:11:44Z","timestamp":1778825504508,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the angular threshold and key factors influencing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in the Trendelenburg position, to optimize patient positioning to mitigate ocular risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study enrolled patients undergoing RARP between July 2021 and June 2022 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The patients were positioned at varying Trendelenburg angles (18\u00b0\u201328\u00b0) and leg angles. Intraoperative IOP was measured at 11 predefined time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for predicting increased IOP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with increased IOP, and a predictive model for increased IOP was developed based on the risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 223 patients scheduled for RARP were screened, and 135 patients were included for final analysis. The optimal threshold for Trendelenburg angle was 20.5\u00b0, with angles \u226520.5\u00b0 significantly associated with elevated IOP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001). Patients with diabetes also exhibited higher IOP risk (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.028). Based on risk factors including Trendelenburg position angle group, leg segment angle group, mean arterial pressure, and diabetes history, the predictive model for elevated IOP demonstrated an AUC of 0.721 (95% CI: 0.621\u20130.820), confirming its discriminative capacity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steeper Trendelenburg positioning (\u226520.5\u00b0), leg angles (\u22659.5\u00b0), and diabetes history are independent risk factors for intraoperative IOP elevation during RARP. These findings could highlight the importance of individualized patient positioning, favoring milder angles in high-risk patients to reduce ocular complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1769460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:42:23Z","timestamp":1778823743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angular threshold for intraocular pressure elevation during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in Trendelenburg position"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Room, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-025-01070-2","article-title":"The state of the art in artificial intelligence and digital pathology in prostate cancer","volume":"23","author":"Ni","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-024-00566-z","article-title":"Intelligent medicine in focus: the 5 stages of evolution in robot-assisted surgery for prostate cancer in the past 20 years and future implications","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-023-01714-8","article-title":"Robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective 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