{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1792048572870,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders place growing pressure on European health systems, yet evidence on how care pathways are structured, implemented, and evaluated remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesizes European evidence on dementia and neurodegenerative care pathways and develops an evidence-informed conceptual synthesis capturing core functions, domains of care delivery, and cross-cutting implementation principles. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251020962). Five databases (PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and gray literature sources were searched for studies published in the last 10 years (to June 2025) examining structured care pathways. Risk of bias was assessed using design-specific tools (RoB-2, ROBINS-I, MMAT), and findings were synthesized narratively due to substantial heterogeneity. Eighty-one studies from 11 European countries and multinational initiatives were included. Reported pathways varied widely in scope, structure, and implementation. Most focused on early-stage processes (referral, diagnosis, and initial post-diagnostic support), while later-stage elements (long-term management, advance care planning, and palliative care) were less frequently represented in the literature. Across studies, a consistent functional core was recurrently reported, including care coordination, multidisciplinary teamwork, case management, caregiver involvement, and structured follow-up. Surrounding domains, such as workforce training, digital and assistive technologies, and quality measurement, were described with variable levels of formalization. Findings reflect patterns reported in the literature rather than a direct representation of routine care across European health systems. Substantial heterogeneity in study designs, reporting practices, and pathway descriptions limited comparability across contexts. This review identifies common organizational functions underlying dementia care pathways and proposes an evidence-informed conceptual framework to support interpretation, comparison, and future development of more integrated and person-centered care models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1774318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1782707200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evidence-based care pathways for people with dementia and neurodegenerative disorders in Europe: a systematic review of models, integration of digital technologies, and quality indicators"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Cardona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)","place":["Rostock\/Greifswald, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parthena Nena","family":"Gakoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)","place":["Rostock\/Greifswald, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Macijauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU) Kaunas Hospital","place":["Kaunas, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen Ren\u00e9","family":"Thyrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)","place":["Rostock\/Greifswald, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald","place":["Greifswald, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2023: Reducing Dementia Risk: Never Too Early, Never Too Late.","author":"Long","year":"2023"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017\u20132025.","year":"2017"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"European Dementia Monitor 2020: Comparing and Benchmarking National Dementia Strategies and Policies.","year":"2020"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0311-7","article-title":"Differences in resource use and costs of dementia care between European countries: baseline data from the ICTUS study.","volume":"14","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-165","article-title":"Excess costs of dementia disorders and the role of age and gender - an analysis of German health and long-term care insurance claims data.","volume":"12","author":"Schwarzkopf","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28097","article-title":"Integrated care in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"35","author":"Rajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Guidelines on Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE).","year":"2019"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Integrated Care Pathways for People With Dementia: Exploring the Potential for Ireland and the Forthcoming National Dementia Strategy. 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