{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:01:11Z","timestamp":1785297671120,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects up to 60% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) remains the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it involves radiation exposure. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a safe and accessible tool, but it has not yet been validated for ILD diagnosis in RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study including patients followed for RA. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, history of heart failure, acute cardiac decompensation, respiratory symptoms within the last 3 months, and pneumonia within the past month. All included patients underwent both LUS and chest HRCT. The diagnostic performance of LUS was assessed using HRCT as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 73 patients were included (18 men and 55 women), with a mean age of 55 \u00b1 12 years. The mean Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR) was 3.47 \u00b1 1.40. Chest HRCT identified ILD in 28.8% of patients. According to the semi-quantitative ultrasound score, interstitial involvement was detected in 21.9% of patients. The sensitivity of LUS was 59.1%, and the specificity was 94.1%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.813. The optimal cutoff was 5 B-lines, yielding a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 94.1%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LUS demonstrated good diagnostic performance for ILD detection in RA patients, with high specificity. These findings suggest that LUS may represent a useful screening tool to identify patients requiring further evaluation with HRCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1774934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:42:29Z","timestamp":1771569749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound compared to chest high resolution computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rim","family":"Dhahri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islem","family":"Mejri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichrak","family":"Ouslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumaya","family":"Boussaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Rabta Hospital","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lobna Ben","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba Ben","family":"Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasnim","family":"Znegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refka","family":"Jebri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirine","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zied","family":"Moatamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Amri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moncef","family":"Aloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imen","family":"Gharsallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Military Hospital of Instruction","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis el Manar","place":["Tunis, Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S393061","article-title":"Assessment tools for pulmonary involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: is diaphragmatic ultrasonography correlated to spirometry?","volume":"16","author":"Dhahri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530622","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1530622","article-title":"Myocardial impairment in rheumatoid arthritis patients with Normal left ventricular function: findings from speckle tracking echocardiography","volume":"12","author":"Dhahri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rai2.70008","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography as a tool to detect interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: 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