{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:11:09Z","timestamp":1778217069044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tissue regeneration and repair remain significant challenges in various medical fields, particularly in the context of musculoskeletal conditions. Intraosseous therapy has emerged as a promising approach, harnessing the body\u2019s intrinsic regenerative potential to promote bone and tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of intraosseous therapy, including its principles, strategies, and clinical applications. The bone biology and regeneration processes are discussed, along with the roles of cellular components such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. Intraosseous therapy encompasses various approaches, including Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell-based therapies (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and other sources), biomaterials and scaffolds, and growth factors. The clinical applications of intraosseous therapy span bone fracture repair and non-union, spinal fusion, craniofacial and maxillofacial reconstruction, osteonecrosis and avascular necrosis, and osteoporosis and bone defects. While intraosseous therapy holds significant promise, challenges related to regulatory and ethical considerations, standardization and quality control, clinical translation and commercial viability, and future research directions in personalized medicine, advanced biomaterials, combination therapies, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    monitoring must be addressed. Ultimately, intraosseous therapy represents a rapidly evolving field with the potential to revolutionize tissue regeneration and repair, offering improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for patients suffering from various musculoskeletal conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1775823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:46:48Z","timestamp":1778215608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraosseous therapy: harnessing the potential of tissue regeneration and repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mikhail Yu.","family":"Artamonov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn Medicine Princeton Health","place":["Plainsboro, NJ, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inessa A.","family":"Minenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.033","article-title":"Bone fracture healing: cell therapy in delayed unions and nonunions.","volume":"70","author":"G\u00f3mez-Barrena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421746","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/421746","article-title":"Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells.","volume":"2015","author":"Florencio-Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025.","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-1383(08)70002-0","article-title":"Fracture healing: a harmony of optimal biology and optimal fixation?","volume":"38","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200407000-00029","article-title":"Engineering principles of clinical cell-based tissue engineering.","volume":"86","author":"Muschler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.102210","article-title":"Skeletal stem cells.","volume":"142","author":"Bianco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C355","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00398.2009","article-title":"Differential effects of hypoxia on osteochondrogenic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells.","volume":"298","author":"Merceron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2391-1","article-title":"Biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair with mesenchymal stem cells during arthroscopy improves healing and prevents further tears: a case-controlled study.","volume":"38","author":"Hernigou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthopaedics."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-1383(07)80004-0","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to fracture non-unions.","volume":"38","author":"Calori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"625","article-title":"Harnessing stem cells and dendritic cells for novel therapies.","volume":"65","author":"Markowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-1383(08)70006-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell tissue engineering: techniques for isolation, expansion and application.","volume":"38","author":"Pountos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2017007","article-title":"A systematic review of the concept and clinical applications of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Orthopaedics.","volume":"3","author":"Imam","year":"2017","journal-title":"SICOT J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1641-1","article-title":"Can platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improve bone healing? 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