{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:09:27Z","timestamp":1779170967675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To clarify the potential anticancer role of celecoxib and its immune-related mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We confirmed the antitumor effects of celecoxib using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound-healing, colony-formation, and transwell assays. Network pharmacology and enrichment analyses were performed to identify pathways linking celecoxib to cervical cancer. Based on these results, two-sample and two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using blood expression quantitative trait loci instruments were conducted to evaluate the causal effect of NEU1 inhibition\u2014the key celecoxib target\u2014on cervical cancer risk and to assess immune cell mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Celecoxib significantly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and invasion. Network pharmacology and enrichment analyses consistently highlighted T-cell\u2013related immune pathways. MR revealed that genetically proxied NEU1 inhibition reduced cervical cancer risk (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.736, 95% CI: 0.566\u20130.958), with CD25 on CD45RA\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      non-regulatory T cells mediating 28.458% of the total effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      By integrating genetic causal inference,\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments, and network pharmacology, our study systematically reveals that celecoxib may exert therapeutic effects by targeting against cervical cancer by targeting NEU1 and modulating CD25 on CD45RA\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      non-regulatory T cell-related immune pathways. This finding highlights both the novelty and the translational potential of this approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1777235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:44:44Z","timestamp":1779169484000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the celecoxib\u2013cervical cancer relationship using in vitro, network pharmacology, and Mendelian randomization approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tongfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fujian 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