{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:44:34Z","timestamp":1793472274601,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with adverse outcomes in various chronic diseases, and its relevance in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has attracted increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with ALD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 115 hospitalized patients with ALD between 2021 and 2024. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &amp;lt; 20 ng\/mL. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman\u2019s correlation, logistic regression, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vitamin D deficiency was present in 35.7% of patients. After adjustment for season, vitamin D deficiency was associated with alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites, sarcopenia, total bilirubin, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and Maddrey discriminant function \u2265 32 (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, vitamin D deficiency independently predicted greater disease severity (OR 3.087, 95% CI 1.034\u20139.215;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.043). Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis showed reduced survival among patients with vitamin D deficiency (log-rank\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), and multivariable Cox regression confirmed vitamin D deficiency as an independent predictor of mortality (HR 3.179, 95% CI 1.064\u20139.500;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.038). ROC analyses indicated modest discrimination of serum 25(OH)D for sarcopenia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), with optimal cut-offs of 22.74 and 14.2 ng\/mL, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort of hospitalized ALD patients, vitamin D deficiency was associated with greater disease severity, reduced survival, and increased risk of sarcopenia and SBP. Serum 25(OH)D may serve as a prognostic marker of overall disease burden. Given the retrospective design, limited event numbers, and short follow-up, these findings should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1777280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:43:29Z","timestamp":1774248209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prognostic associations of vitamin D deficiency with disease severity, survival, and complications in alcohol-related liver disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qiufeng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu","place":["Sichuan, 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