{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:03:43Z","timestamp":1788912223145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airway foreign body (AFB) in adults remains a potentially life-threatening emergency, which lacks standardized clinical pathways of management. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the clinical recognition, imaging work-up, and bronchoscopic management of AFB in adults and to propose a practical, stepwise algorithm, enabling interventional pulmonologists to establish a systematic retrieval framework as early as possible and thereby optimize care for adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed for studies focusing on the bronchoscopic management of AFB in adults. The emphasis is on the tool selection, critical techniques, and procedural nuances for AFB retrieval. Personal clinical experience also informed the interpretation and contextualization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult AFB typically presents with chronic cough, dyspnea, wheeze, or recurrent post-obstructive pneumonia. Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line imaging modality (pooled sensitivity 98.8%, specificity 96.6%), but radiolucent organic material may yield false-negative results; therefore, high clinical suspicion warrants direct bronchoscopy. The right main bronchus is the most common site because of its anatomical features. Pre-intervention planning matches AFB characteristics (site, size &amp;amp; shape, and substance) with patient status to decide between rigid and flexible scopes and to select retrieval accessories. Flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia via laryngeal mask airway achieves &amp;gt; 90% success in adults, which is preferred for peripheral items, whereas rigid bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for large, sharp, or proximal AFBs. Tool choice follows an object-specific strategy: forceps for metal\/bone, snare for bulky, irregular items, basket for smooth, round seeds, balloon for impacted distal AFBs after dilation, and cryoprobe for semisolid, water-rich material (blood clot, mucus plug, food). Complication rates are lowest when dislodgement and extraction are performed as a single, controlled maneuver under continuous visualization; hybrid rigid\u2013flexible approaches further improve safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consider AFB in adults with unexplained chronic respiratory symptoms. CT guides but does not replace bronchoscopy. An individualized strategy\u2014flexible scope first (in patients with stable status), rigid scope reserved for selected complex cases\u2014combined with object-tailored tools optimizes successful AFB retrieval while minimizing morbidity. Maintaining both rigid and flexible systems, trained multidisciplinary teams, and strict manometric monitoring are essential components of AFB retrieval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1779715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:01:32Z","timestamp":1772607692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bronchoscopic management of airway foreign bodies in adults: a narrative educational review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17838-x","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of foreign bodies from 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"24","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01352-z","article-title":"Global, regional, and national assessment of foreign body aspiration (1990\u20132021): novel insights into incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years","volume":"33","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.1.129","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration into the lower airway in Chinese adults","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-18-0150","article-title":"Dying for a meal: an integrative review of characteristics of choking incidents and recommendations to prevent fatal and nonfatal choking across populations","volume":"28","author":"Hemsley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269493","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269493","article-title":"Foreign-body aspiration into the lower airways in adults; multicenter study","volume":"17","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2022.22.3.187","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration and ingestion in dental clinic: a seven-year retrospective study","volume":"22","author":"Huh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Anesth Pain Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex004","article-title":"Pulmonary aspiration during procedural sedation: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"118","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60307-z","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and removal approaches of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in elders","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/amj.2018.07.02","article-title":"Foreign body removal in children and adults: review of available techniques and emerging technologies","author":"Shostak","year":"2018","journal-title":"AME Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.7672","article-title":"Removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults using a flexible bronchoscope: experience with 200 cases in China","volume":"51","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2022.05.032","article-title":"Foreign body aspirations in children and adults","volume":"224","author":"Ulas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694780","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration mimicking asthma","volume":"19","author":"Mok","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.5.1289","article-title":"Importance of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis caused by chronic occult aspiration in the elderly","volume":"110","author":"Matsuse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00468.x","article-title":"An occult foreign body aspiration with bronchial anomaly mimicking asthma and pneumonia","volume":"23","author":"Yurdakul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03976","article-title":"Foreign body inhalation in the adult population: experience of 25,998 bronchoscopies and systematic review of the literature","volume":"60","author":"Sehgal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.06.137","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration in adult airways: therapeutic approach","volume":"9","author":"Hewlett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5159","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.94","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration","volume":"13","author":"Bajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-0181-9","article-title":"Removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults using flexible bronchoscopy: experience 1995\u20132006","volume":"23","author":"Mise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-8-604","article-title":"Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults","volume":"112","author":"Limper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-3467(07)60142-6","article-title":"Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade","volume":"5","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.07.026","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration in children: experience from 2624 patients","volume":"77","author":"Boufersaoui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10723","article-title":"Late diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in adults: case series and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Kara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Care."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.130","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment outcomes of airway foreign body aspiration in adults","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(97)90033-0","article-title":"Overlooked inhaled foreign bodies: late sequelae and the likelihood of recovery","volume":"91","author":"al-Majed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S73985","article-title":"Cayenne aspiration: an unusual type of lower airway foreign-body aspiration","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S464076","article-title":"CT characteristics and clinical findings of bronchopneumonia caused by pepper aspiration","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111429","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pediatric foreign body aspiration","volume":"165","author":"Azzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2766","article-title":"Evaluation of foreign bodies and liquid aspiration pneumonia in adults","volume":"190","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02165-9","article-title":"Risk factors associated with radiolucent foreign body inhalation in adults: a 10-year retrospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.07.499","article-title":"Imaging foreign bodies: ingested, aspirated, and inserted","volume":"66","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2017.12.001","article-title":"Role of bronchoscopy in foreign body aspiration management in adults: a seven year retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulmonology."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111539","article-title":"Risk factors for difficult removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children by rigid bronchoscopy","volume":"168","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_337_17","article-title":"Foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy using retrieval basket in children","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.09.46","article-title":"Rottmann V, et al. Blood clot removal by cryoextraction in critically ill patients with pulmonary hemorrhage","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201601-062FR","article-title":"Bronchoscopic cryotherapy. clinical applications of the cryoprobe, cryospray, and cryoadhesion","volume":"13","author":"DiBardino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-03628-1","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration in children and emergency rigid bronchoscopy: a retrospective observational study","volume":"75","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.164995","article-title":"Complications of bronchoscopy: a concise synopsis","volume":"5","author":"Stahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e13","article-title":"Trends and an online survey on the use of rigid bronchoscopy in Korea","volume":"38","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2023.0067","article-title":"Rigid bronchoscopy: a consultant survey","volume":"106","author":"Mowat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2021.12.001","article-title":"Anesthetic considerations for rigid bronchoscopy: a narrative educational review","volume":"43","author":"Galway","year":"2022","journal-title":"TACC."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185652","article-title":"Flexible vs. rigid bronchoscopy for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in children: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Safia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179547619863816","DOI":"10.1177\/1179547619863816","article-title":"Airway stenosis related to foreign body aspiration: an under-recognized long term complication","volume":"12","author":"Mehta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Case Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e318244e591","article-title":"Extraction of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children and adults with rigid and flexible bronchoscopy","volume":"19","author":"Goyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0118993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118993","article-title":"Flexible bronchoscopy with multiple modalities for foreign body removal in adults","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-020-00825-5","article-title":"Application of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the removal of adult airway foreign bodies","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114043","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1114043","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.01.005","article-title":"Endoscopic retrieval devices","volume":"69","author":"Diehl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9662","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.9662","article-title":"Rigid bronchoscopy: a life-saving intervention in the removal of foreign body in adults at a busy tertiary care unit","volume":"12","author":"Mazcuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2019.02.019","article-title":"Retrieval of a very large foreign body from the bronchial tree in an intubated patient","volume":"55","author":"Bar-Shai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed)."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.12.029","article-title":"Rubber-sleeving a forceps for endoscopic removal of a flat, metallic foreign body","volume":"66","author":"Kethu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2024.3193","article-title":"Flexible bronchoscopy-assisted removal of aspirated scarf pins from the tracheobronchial tree: the experience of 146 subjects","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1004608","article-title":"Foreign Body in the Airway","author":"Perwaiz","year":"","journal-title":"Updates on Foreign Body in ENT Practice"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2016.10.013","article-title":"Endobronchial dental prosthesis retrieval by a snare technique using a flexible bronchoscope and fluoroscopy: Two case reports and technical tips","volume":"19","author":"Ichimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine Case Reports."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600828","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1600828","article-title":"Successful extraction of a large airway foreign body using flexible bronchoscopy and electrocautery snare in a post-COVID-19 patient with difficult airway anatomy: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000161353.45999.dd","article-title":"Extraction of dental crowns from the airway: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"115","author":"Weber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)69226-7","article-title":"A. new ureteral stone basket","volume":"60","author":"Morton","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91647-3","article-title":"Bronchial foreign-body removed with a Dormia basket","volume":"1","author":"Dajani","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.2.270","article-title":"Wire Basket Removal of a Large Endobronchial Foreign Body","volume":"87","author":"McCullough","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-358","article-title":"Bronchoscopic retrieval of a bullet using a Dormia basket: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Lax","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_85_17","article-title":"Bronchoscopic airway foreign body extraction without using optical forceps","volume":"23","author":"Hegde","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-022-03334-4","article-title":"Use of dormia basket for retrieval of tracheobronchial foreign body","volume":"75","author":"Pradhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.206.2.9457198","article-title":"Percutaneous balloon-assisted thrombectomy: preliminary in vivo results with an expandable vascular sheath system","volume":"206","author":"Brossmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.72.2.241","article-title":"Removal of foreign bodies (two teeth) by fiberoptic bronchoscopy","volume":"72","author":"Fieselmann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25680","article-title":"Proximal bronchial balloon dilation for embedded distal airway foreign bodies","volume":"126","author":"Strychowsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.04.011","article-title":"Lando, Cahill AM, Elden L. Distal airway foreign bodies: Importance of a stepwise approach, knowledge of equipment and utilization of other services' expertise","volume":"75","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.10.051","article-title":"The proximal bronchoplasty retrieval technique for removal of embedded distal airway foreign bodies","volume":"78","author":"Hoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1103900224","article-title":"Removal of an impacted distal airway foreign body using a guidewire and a balloon angioplasty catheter","volume":"39","author":"McAfee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.06.033","article-title":"Retrieving difficult aspirated pen caps by balloon catheter with short working-length flexible endoscopy and noninvasive ventilation support in intensive care unit","volume":"79","author":"Soong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_245_20","article-title":"Fogarty catheter: an indispensable tool to complement the ingenuity of the endoscopist for extraction of airway \u201cforeign body with a hole\u201d","volume":"27","author":"Nandan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.4.882","article-title":"An alternative approach to management of Fogarty catheter disruption associated with endobronchial foreign body extraction","volume":"94","author":"Ross","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(89)80521-4","article-title":"Complications of the fogarty catheter technique for removal of endobronchial foreign bodies","volume":"24","author":"Treen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e3181f29e21","article-title":"The mean green popsicle: using cryotherapy to remove aspirated foreign bodies","volume":"17","author":"Seaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.105721","article-title":"Cryoextraction: a novel approach to remove aspirated chewing gum","volume":"8","author":"Rubio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23707","article-title":"Bronchoscopic cryotherapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in three mechanically ventilated patients: a case series","volume":"25","author":"Tale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12120","article-title":"Retrieval of various aspirated foreign bodies by flexible cryoprobe: in vitro feasibility study","volume":"9","author":"Fruchter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Respir J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0880","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.880","article-title":"Removal of an aspirated tooth from the bronchus using a cryoprobe: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Ishimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01444","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.1444","article-title":"Bronchoscopic retrieval of an aspirated tooth following high-speed motor vehicle accident","volume":"12","author":"Azam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respirol Case Rep."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182886","article-title":"Utility and safety of bronchoscopic cryotechniques\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Husnain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201701-086SR","article-title":"Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy and Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease. A Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy","volume":"14","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2016.06.002","article-title":"Combination of bronchoscopic cryoextraction and argon plasma coagulation in treatment of total central airway obstruction caused by giant blood clot formation in massive airway bleeding","volume":"19","author":"Tenda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.9.814","article-title":"The pulmonary physician in critical care * illustrative case 7: assessment and management of massive haemoptysis","volume":"58","author":"Lordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1779715\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:01:34Z","timestamp":1772607694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1779715\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1779715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1779715","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"article-number":"1779715"}}