{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:34:49Z","timestamp":1773995689879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a retrospective analysis of the reentry process for voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, China, from 2022 to 2024, focusing on donor profiles, requalification outcomes, and factors influencing successful return to donation. Donor reentry allows individuals who were temporarily deferred due to reactive screening results for transfusion-transmissible pathogens to requalify as eligible donors, thereby helping to reduce unnecessary donor loss and alleviate donor distress. However, the implementation and effectiveness of such programs vary considerably across regions in China. In this analysis, 808 donors who applied for reentry at the Chongqing Blood Center were included. Reentry testing followed a structured protocol consisting of dual-ELISA serology, individual nucleic acid testing (NAT), and supplementary chemiluminescence assays. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS 27.0. The overall reentry success rate was 60.52%, with the highest rate observed among HIV-reactive donors (68.85%) and the lowest among HBV-reactive donors (40.65%). Higher educational attainment was significantly associated with reentry success, while sex, ABO blood type, marital status, and occupation showed no significant correlation. Of the successfully re-entered donors, 49.08% returned to donate at least once, although most donated only once or twice subsequently. Disqualifications occurred in 13.75% of returning donors, primarily due to reactivity for HIV, HBV, or TP. The findings indicate that a well-defined reentry protocol can effectively reintegrate a substantial proportion of single-reagent-reactive donors into the eligible donor pool. Requalification outcomes are influenced by pathogen type and donor education level, underscoring the need for pathogen-specific testing strategies and tailored donor communication. Sustained donor engagement and long-term follow-up are recommended to maintain donation frequency and ensure blood safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1780036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:22:31Z","timestamp":1773984151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reentry of voluntary blood donors in Chongqing, China (2022\u20132024): a retrospective single-center analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weifei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Blood Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Blood Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Blood Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Blood Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Blood Center","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.20252\/j.cnki.rrjk.2022.06.013","article-title":"Interpretation of the guideline for reentry of reactive blood donors in blood screening testing","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Everyone"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12143","article-title":"Donors' psychological reactions to deferral following false-positive screening test results","volume":"107","author":"Delage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15656","article-title":"Follow-up program for blood donors with unconfirmed screening results reveals a high false-positive rate in Dalian, China","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01480.x","article-title":"Limited effectiveness of donor deferral registries for transfusion-transmitted disease markers","volume":"48","author":"Cable","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.15932\/j.0253-9713.2024.10.015","article-title":"Perspectives on the re-engagement of screen-reactive blood donors","volume":"46","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beijing Med J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112150-20221208-01187","article-title":"Analysis of the reentry status of blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers in Hangzhou City","volume":"57","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese J Prevent Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-9455.2021.21.032","article-title":"Analysis of requalification test results and subsequent donation status in 676 blood donors in Nanning City","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Med Clin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.13303\/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2024.04.012","article-title":"Reentry of reactive blood donors in Changsha area: a retrospective analysis","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.13303\/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2019.10.014","article-title":"Analysis of the returning test results of HBV and HCV reactive in volunteer blood donors in Shenzhen city and discussion on the strategy","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.15932\/j.0253-9713.2013.05.004","article-title":"False-positive analysis of HBsAg and anti-HCV ELISA screening discordant samples in blood donors","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Beijing Med J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13282","article-title":"Establishing a reentry procedure for human immunodeficiency virus screening-reactive donors in China","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Blood Donor Selection: Guidelines on Assessing Donor Suitability for Blood Donation","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12644","article-title":"Factors associated with a second deferral among donors eligible for re-entry after a false-positive screening test for syphilis, HCV, HBV and HIV","volume":"113","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112545","article-title":"Re-entry evaluation of Chinese blood donors with unconfirmed hepatitis B screening results","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18168","article-title":"Assessing HIV trends among blood donors in five Brazilian blood centers: the impact of individual donor assessment","volume":"65","author":"Buccheri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.19746\/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2020.04.053","article-title":"Analysis on reentry situation of HBsAg single reagent reactive blood donors in Anhui Province","volume":"28","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.19746\/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.01.044","article-title":"Study on reentry evaluation mode for blood donors used to be HBV reactive in Jiangsu Province","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16420","article-title":"Blood donor screening in the Netherlands: universal anti-HBc screening in combination with HBV nucleic acid amplification testing may allow discontinuation of hepatitis B virus antigen testing","volume":"61","author":"van de Laar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0272920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272920","article-title":"Global epidemiology of occult hepatitis B virus infections in blood donors, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Takuissu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16543","article-title":"Hepatitis B infections among blood donors in England between 2009 and 2018: is an occult hepatitis B infection a risk for blood safety?","volume":"61","author":"Harvala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986020","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.986020","article-title":"The burden of hepatitis B virus infection in Kenya: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Makokha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-4721.2025.18.20","article-title":"Analysis of the return of reactive blood donors to blood screening in Panyu District, Guangzhou City","volume":"32","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Mod Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.19746\/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.02.033","article-title":"Study on reentry strategy and results of blood donors with single reagent reactivity in Wuhan area","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Hematol"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1780036\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:22:39Z","timestamp":1773984159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1780036\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1780036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1780036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"article-number":"1780036"}}