{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:43:25Z","timestamp":1794278605387,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic cough\u2014defined in adults as cough lasting \u22658\u202fweeks\u2014shows higher prevalence in women. Accumulating evidence supports a cough hypersensitivity phenotype with peripheral and central drivers that may vary by biological sex. Evidence-based evaluation emphasizes identification and treatment of common etiologies (upper-airway cough syndrome, cough-variant asthma or eosinophilic bronchitis, and reflux-related cough) and recognition of refractory chronic cough (RCC) and unexplained chronic cough (UCC) when symptoms persist despite optimized care. Therapeutic options include behavioral and neuromodulatory approaches as well as selective antagonists of receptors, purinergic P2X (P2X3), which can reduce objective cough frequency, although taste disturbance may occur. This review summarizes factors that may contribute to female predominance\u2014including hormonal and immune modulators, neuro-sensory processing, comorbidities, and environmental triggers\u2014and appraises the therapeutic landscape with attention to benefits, harms, and sex-aware evidence gaps. We outline priorities for research, including standardized outcomes, sex-stratified analyses, and patient-centered measures to improve diagnosis and management for women with chronic cough. Abbreviations: ERS, European Respiratory Society; BTS, British Thoracic Society; RCC, refractory chronic cough; UCC, unexplained chronic cough. Aims: This article reviews the factors associated with the female prevalence of chronic cough, potential mechanisms, and targets for therapy. In this review, the term \u201csex\u201d refers to biological sex differences, whereas sociocultural gender-related factors are discussed only when relevant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1790629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:48:09Z","timestamp":1773298089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Female predominance in chronic cough: biological sex\u2013related factors, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets\u2014a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aibo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zigong Fourth People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Zigong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901136","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01136-2019","article-title":"ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children","volume":"55","author":"Morice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.007","article-title":"Chronic cough in adults: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"149","author":"Gibson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.065144","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of cough in adults","volume":"61","author":"Morice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00669-2022","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00669-2022","article-title":"Does hiatal hernia impact gastro-oesophageal reflux-related chronic cough?","volume":"9","author":"Truba","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102423","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the burden of obstructive lung disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study","volume":"68","author":"Abozid","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2023.15.3.348","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and its determinants in chronic cough: the Korean chronic cough registry study","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534666241274261","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241274261","article-title":"Content validity of the Leicester cough questionnaire in adults with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a qualitative interview study","volume":"18","author":"Martin Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654797","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.654797","article-title":"Gender difference in chronic cough: are women more likely to cough?","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/01.moo.0000120304.58882.94","article-title":"The impact of hormonal fluctuations on female vocal folds","volume":"12","author":"Amir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-023-00621-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eliapixant in refractory chronic cough: the randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b PAGANINI study","volume":"201","author":"Dicpinigaitis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03095-6","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and disease burden of chronic cough in Italy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Antonelli Incalzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02433-1","article-title":"Chronic cough diagnosis, treatment, and referral practices among family physicians in the United States: a survey study","volume":"25","author":"Shields","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00739-2022","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00739-2022","article-title":"Epidemiology of unexplained chronic cough in adults: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Arinze","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S136036","article-title":"Managing patients with chronic cough: challenges and solutions","volume":"14","author":"Perotin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-023-00150-5","article-title":"Chronic cough: characterizing and quantifying burden in adults using a nationwide electronic health records database","volume":"8","author":"Scierka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Healthc Inform Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01037-2024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.01037-2024","article-title":"Real-world usage and response to gefapixant in refractory chronic cough","volume":"11","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113230","article-title":"Epidemiology and healthcare service utilization among adults with chronic cough","volume":"13","author":"Chodick","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18705","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18705","article-title":"Characterization and clinical outcomes of outpatients with subacute or chronic post-COVID-19 cough: a real-world study","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14169","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03017-6","article-title":"Prevalence and disease burden of chronic cough in nine cities of China: an observational study","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524089","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2524089","article-title":"Association between heavy metal exposure and chronic cough: the mediating roles of inflammation","volume":"57","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001462","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-001462","article-title":"CT airway remodeling and chronic cough","volume":"10","author":"Abozid","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00887-2024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00887-2024","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of chronic cough in an adult community-dwelling Portuguese population","volume":"11","author":"Carreiro-Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0283352","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283352","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes of chronic cough categorised by cluster analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14799731241273751","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731241273751","article-title":"Diagnosed and undiagnosed cough-related stress urinary incontinence in women with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: impact on general health status and quality of life","volume":"21","author":"Arismendi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401565","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01565-2024","article-title":"The McMaster cough severity questionnaire (MCSQ): a cough severity instrument for patients with refractory chronic cough","volume":"65","author":"Kum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02498-6","article-title":"Systemic inflammation partially mediates the association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and chronic cough","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.05.049","article-title":"Clustering patients with chronic cough using reported sensations and triggers: results from the triggers sensations provoking coughing questionnaire","volume":"168","author":"King","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2018.07.002","article-title":"Sensitivity of airway cough-related afferents is influenced by female gender hormones","volume":"257","author":"Kavalcikova-Bogdanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081138","article-title":"B-type natriuretic peptide-induced delayed modulation of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons","volume":"8","author":"Vilotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17448069211011315","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069211011315","article-title":"The interaction between P2X3 and TRPV1 in the dorsal root ganglia of adult rats with different pathological pains","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2015_182","article-title":"Chronic cough as a female gender issue","volume":"905","author":"Kavalcikova-Bogdanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210127","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0127-2021","article-title":"Chronic cough: new insights, future prospects","volume":"30","author":"Morice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7010","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227010","article-title":"Gender differences in antitussive prescriptions for chronic cough in Korea","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10732748241255824","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748241255824","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation exercises effectively improve chronic cough after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"31","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2016.1154072","article-title":"Gender and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Wheaton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09222-1","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of superior laryngeal nerve block for the treatment of chronic neurogenic cough","volume":"282","author":"Diemer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00320-2024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00320-2024","article-title":"Exploring the concept of disease control in chronic cough","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000001009","article-title":"Current opinion in refractory and\/or unexplained chronic cough","volume":"32","author":"Misono","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2024.101424","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis possibly associated with decreased lung function in chronic cough patients","volume":"90","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5010","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31236","article-title":"Laryngeal vibrotactile stimulation is feasible and acceptable to people with unexplained chronic cough","volume":"134","author":"Misono","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850.e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2022.11.017","article-title":"Standardized behavioral treatment improves chronic cough","volume":"39","author":"Varelas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02225-2","article-title":"Chronic cough in postmenopausal women and its associations to climacteric symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Ziller","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-025-00786-7","article-title":"Reframing refractory chronic cough: the role of interoception","volume":"203","author":"Slovarp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.02.020","article-title":"Chronic cough-related differences in brain morphometry in adults: a population-based study","volume":"164","author":"Arinze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01847-w","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic cough in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00678-2022","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00678-2022","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of zinc acetate for treatment of chronic refractory cough: a pilot randomized futility trial","volume":"9","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-023-00620-y","article-title":"Characteristics and management of patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough in outpatient hospital clinics in Spain: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"201","author":"D\u00e1vila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001017","article-title":"Pulmonary vagus nerve transection for chronic cough after video-assisted lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00254-2024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00254-2024","article-title":"Prevalence of refractory and unexplained chronic cough in adults treated in a cough center","volume":"10","author":"Kukie\u0142ka","year":"2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00150614","article-title":"Cough hypersensitivity syndrome: towards a new approach to chronic cough","volume":"44","author":"Escamilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534666241259373","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241259373","article-title":"Prescriptions of opioid-containing drugs in patients with chronic cough","volume":"18","author":"Weiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2015","article-title":"Vagal afferent innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease","volume":"96","author":"Mazzone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09258-3","article-title":"The role of an anti-reflux diet in the treatment of chronic cough caused by laryngopharyngeal reflux","volume":"282","author":"Hr\u00e1nkov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.12345\/AT-HM-2025-354","article-title":"Difference of esophageal motility and reflux characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic cough (CC) and the impact of standardized drug therapy","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303804","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303804","article-title":"Characteristics, demographics, and epidemiology of possible chronic cough in Sweden: a nationwide register-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Walz","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Alhajjaj","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00459-2024","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00459-2024","article-title":"Chronic cough as a disease","volume":"10","author":"Turner","year":"2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60776-4","article-title":"Gabapentin for refractory chronic cough: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Ryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1271","article-title":"Pregabalin and speech pathology combination therapy for refractory chronic cough: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"149","author":"Vertigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2024.04.028","article-title":"Chronic cough and cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS): screening for mutations in replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1)","volume":"60","author":"Palones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00370-w","article-title":"Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02348-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory chronic cough and unexplained chronic cough (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2): results from two double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"399","author":"McGarvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.18035","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of gefapixant for treatment of refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"Kum","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03188-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eliapixant in endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: the randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b SCHUMANN study","volume":"24","author":"Parke","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.03.007","article-title":"Camlipixant: a selective P2X3 antagonist with potent anti-tussive effect and no taste alteration","volume":"56","author":"Garceau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202409-1752OC","article-title":"Camlipixant in refractory chronic cough: a phase 2b, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (SOOTHE)","volume":"211","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01700-8","article-title":"Gefapixant: first approval","volume":"82","author":"Markham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"Merck Provides Update on FDA Advisory Committee Meeting Evaluating Gefapixant","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-022-00592-5","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 2b trial of P2X3 receptor antagonist sivopixant for refractory or unexplained chronic cough","volume":"201","author":"McGarvey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.064337","article-title":"Efficacy of speech pathology management for chronic cough: a randomised placebo controlled trial of treatment efficacy","volume":"61","author":"Vertigan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534666241305952","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241305952","article-title":"Efficacy of behavioral cough suppression therapy for refractory chronic cough or unexplained chronic cough: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.12932\/AP-110721-1184","article-title":"Anxiety and depression are associated with reduced quality of life and increased cough severity in chronic cough","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2023.15.6.795","article-title":"New insights into refractory chronic cough and unexplained chronic cough: a 6-year ambispective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101869","article-title":"Somatically evoked cough responses help to identify patients with difficult-to-treat chronic cough: a six-month observational cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Lavorini","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-015-9701-2","article-title":"The impact of chronic cough: a cross-sectional European survey","volume":"193","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e084721","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084721","article-title":"Association between clinical and pulmonary function features and diagnosis of cough variant asthma: a case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.25259\/IJMR_307_2024","article-title":"Guiding therapy by fractional exhaled nitric oxide and impulse oscillometry parameters in non-asthmatic individuals with chronic cough","volume":"161","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-025-00839-x","article-title":"Airway mucus plugs in patients with chronic cough: a single-center observational study","volume":"203","author":"Beck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-025-00888-z","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the severity of chronic cough diary, Leicester cough questionnaire, and a cough severity visual analogue scale in patients with refractory chronic cough","volume":"9","author":"Trigg","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1790629\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:42:43Z","timestamp":1776688963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1790629\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmed.2026.1790629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2026.1790629","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-858X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-858X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"article-number":"1790629"}}