{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:54:20Z","timestamp":1776315260836,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to identify independent risk factors for bladder stones in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to develop and validate a nomogram prediction model for assessing the risk of bladder stones in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis included 446 BPH patients (106 with bladder stones, 340 without) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (2023\u20132025). Univariate ROC (receiver operating characteristic), correlation analysis, LASSO regression, and multivariate logistic regression were used for variable screening and model construction. The cohort was split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Model performance was evaluated via AUC (discrimination), calibration curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow test (calibration), and DCA (clinical utility).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven independent risk factors were identified: age, IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), serum uric acid, IPP (intravesical prostatic protrusion), PUA (prostatic urethral angle), TPV (total prostate volume), and urinary red blood cell count. The nomogram showed excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.865 in training set, 0.882 in validation set), good calibration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05), and robust clinical utility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nomogram overcomes univariate and multicollinearity limitations, enabling precise individualized risk assessment of bladder stones in BPH patients. It serves as a reliable tool for clinicians to guide personalized monitoring and prevention, potentially reducing incidence and healthcare burdens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1795565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:20:48Z","timestamp":1776313248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment and validation of a risk scoring model for predicting the risk of bladder stones in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yuli","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine","place":["Shiyan, Hubei, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2016.04.001","article-title":"The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms: prevalence and incident rates","volume":"43","author":"Egan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00371-6","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia (2021 edition)","volume":"9","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.004","article-title":"EAU guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms including benign prostatic obstruction","volume":"64","author":"Oelke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2012.53.3.139","article-title":"Benign prostatic hyperplasia: from bench to clinic","volume":"53","author":"Yoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.06.006","article-title":"Complicated urinary tract infection in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13409","article-title":"Do stones still kill? 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